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电致变色器件电致变色是指材料的光学属性（反射率、透过率、吸收率等）在外加电场的作用下发生稳定、可逆的颜色变化的现象，在外观上表现为颜色和透明度的可逆变化。具有电致变色性能的材料称为电致变色材料，用电致变色材料做成的器件称为电致变色器件。Structure常用电极材料FTOITO掺Al的ZnOPET等电解质液态高氯酸锂+丙烯碳酸酯（LIPC）六氟磷酸锂+多元碳酸酯（LB）凝胶电解质加入交联剂（物理交联和化学交联）固态电解质固态锂盐（LiNbO3，LiTaO3）全固态聚合物电解质聚合物本体与盐（PEO-LiCF3SO3）聚合物本体与盐并加入无机填料（PEO-LiClO4-Al2O3）离子储存层TiO2阵列或薄膜，ZnO阵列或薄膜等电致变色材料过渡金属氧化物WO3MoO3BiO3V2O5Nb2O5（阴极着色）灵巧窗NiOIrOxCoO3Rh2O3MnO（阳极着色）人造卫星热控装置Ir(OH)3NiOxHy电致变色书写纸普鲁士蓝系统普鲁士蓝普鲁士黑普鲁士绿普鲁士白电致变色显示器紫罗兰俗称：1,1-双取代基-4,4-联吡啶汽车后视镜显示器导电聚合物聚吡咯聚苯胺聚噻吩灵巧窗显示器镧系元素与过渡金属元素金属氢化物亚硝酰基含氧钼络物可调转换镜的配位络合物及金属聚合物聚[Ru2+(vbpy)2(py)2]Cl2近红外开关装置金属酞化青[Lu(PC)2]显示器opticalcontrast(△T)colorationefficiency(CE)CE=△(OD)/△QOD=log(Tb/Tc)colorationtimebleachingtimecyclicstabilityMainParametersHigh-performanceflexibleelectrochromicdevicebasedonfacilesemiconductor-to-metaltransitionrealizedbyWO3·2H2OultrathinnanosheetsScientificReports3,Articlenumber:1936|doi:10.1038/srep01936SetupandelectrochromicperformancesofWO32H2Onanosheets-basedflexibleelectrochromicdevice.ThestructureofflexibleelectrochromicdeviceThepreparationofWO3·2H2OultrathinnanosheetsTb=69%Tc=21%△T=48%（800nm）opticalcontrast(△T)colorationtimeandbleachingtimecontrastcolorationefficiency(CE)cyclicstabilitySolarEnergyMaterials&SolarCells117(2013)231–238EfficientelectrochromicmaterialsbasedonTiO2@WO3core/shellnanorodarraysbTiO2nanorodsd=80-100nmL=700nmfWO3filmTiO2@200WO3TiO2@400WO3TiO2@600WO3a,bTiO2nanorodc,dTiO2@200WO3core/shellnanorodarrayOpticalmodulationrange(%)andSwitchingspeed(s)WO3TiO3@200WO3TiO3@400WO3TiO3@600WO3TheTiO2@400WO3core/shellnanorodarrayfilmsustainsatransmittancemodulationofabout40%evenaftersubjectedfor10,000cycles,indicatingthattheTiO2@WO3core/shellnanorodarrayfilmpossessesquitegoodcyclingdurabilityHighopticalswitchingspeedandflexibleelectrochromicdisplaybasedonWO3nanoparticleswithZnOnanorodarrays’supportedelectrodeNanotechnology20(2009)185304(6pp)Topview(a)andcross-sectional(b)SEMimagesoftheZNRsandtop(c)andcross-sectional(d)viewsoftheWO3-coatedZNRsD=170–250nmL=340nm650nm118.6C−1cm2550nm76.1C−1cm2colorationtimeandbleachingtimecolorationefficiency(CE)cyclicstabilityTheanodizedcrystallineWO3nanoporousnetworkwithenhancedelectrochromicpropertiesNanoscale,2012,4,5980HRTEMimageofoneofthenanoporewallareasforWO3nanoporousnetworksThecorrespondingSelectedAreaDiffraction(SAD)patternindexedtotheWO3orthorhombicphasethecorrespondingRamanspectraoftheas-anodized(blueline)andpost-annealednetwork(greenline).XRDpatternofanas-sputteredWfilm(orangeline),anas-anodizedWoxidenanoporousnetwork(blueline)andthenetworkafterannealingat450Cinairfor60min(greenline).opticalcontrast(△T)colorationtimeandbleachingtimecolorationefficiency(CE)650nm750nm