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书书书!#$%%&’’(&’)*+,-.+/&’/,’*$0+12$34!*!3)546#$0716&/!#$%&’()*+,-.89:;98=?=?=@#AB$.3#606#/+6$&*0$,C$/’9*+$0D6E1F/-G,6’E*/012345678#9:;$(**)’’/+%H#%5,@&?=@A00#+6I’/+%J3,64=&?=K(**)’5-L6&6*+,-$09,/&*3$,+$0+12$34!*!3)546#$0716&/书书书!#$%&’()*+,-!!.!()*+,/012!-3456789:;=?-.!!!#$%&’()*+,-./0!123$%456789:’#;=$!#$!#%$%#$%&&’’():’;=,?@ABCDAEFGHIJBK/LMNO!PQ?@BCD&RS;=TUVWXYZ[\]):’;=^F=_‘abcde1fgh!iF=!+)j_klm’F21nopqrstg!uvwXYZ[&xy*zY{|}~%F /L ‘Z ! T *&$$’(! *()*(+,)-(./).0/-1’!i r h l) $w)!#$%&’()*+,#$###$*%!&’()*+,-!!#$###$#$%./i英文版编译出版说明 标准是人类文明进步的成果,是世界通用的技术语言,促进世界的互联互通。近年来,中国政府大力开展标准化工作,通过标准驱动创新、合作、绿色、开放的共同发展。在丝绸之路经济带与21世纪海上丝绸之路,即“一带一路”倡议的指引下,为适应日益增长的全球交通运输发展的需求,增进世界连接,促进知识传播与经验分享,中华人民共和国交通运输部组织编译并发布了一系列中国公路行业标准外文版。中华人民共和国交通运输部发布的公路工程行业标准代号为JTG,体系范围包括公路工程从规划建设到养护管理全过程所需要制定的技术、管理与服务标准,也包括相关的安全、环保和经济方面的评价等标准。书书书!!!!#$!%&’()*+,-./#!0’,!1%23’()*+,-45$%0’,!’(67.8&$09!:;#=3?@ABCDEFGHIJKLM67!DNOP1QRSTUVWXYZ[\!]^_‘abca67d_XYHefghij^_‘aL67k#l$Ram%nopq%rsct%u6vr%wxyzo[\H{|!A}~ 67H p% O67XYVW% ’(67 y [\ ~ %&H L + aH & H Z ¡ ¢!£⁄¥&’(67^_‘aB-’#’()*(’!$($$!1%ƒ§}!$## ¤'}!$%#+“$n~Q«‹£›fiƒ§flb –†%&HR- aKef ¢U‡&· ¶ k• ‚«fiƒ§H£›R{„%”»…‰K&k)V ¿ `?XG ´ˆ˜ !'„%”»…‰K&k)V ¿’(¯˘˙¨r«fiƒ§ ˚H ¸U %ƒ§j !D˝ ˛ˇ—! %ƒ§ ˚DL 5-% y N Jˇ! fiƒ§´£ ?XG # )ÆX ª (%hk) eG ! Ł£Ø),$%+!Œº )-./-0123-45.46537$! fl —¡|!#$%&’!?XG !#$%! !æ !#(%)*! !ı !ıł! ø!œß ! ! !!#$!%j&! ’(!#$+! øI!#(,+-)*!)(*!+,-!839::;0=14?.!. /!0/!123! …4!056!17书书书!#$#%&’#!()#&*+’,-%./,012,0,(345%.!410(&%43$*+’,-6%3,-#!#$%&’()%&*(+,--%+.)/*0+.$%-/1*2-%(+(3!#$%&%$’(%)*+&),-)’./#+()&0%123’45,%.1#+4/*0+.$%-/5*2-%(+(36478469:;:!9:=0’#!#$%&%$’(%)*+&),-)’./#+()&0%123’45,%.1#+%-%--*/*2*#?3(2%+)*2+@)%(+@$&((A*2@)%(+@+-)@+@2%B@)%(+(3/%./C@?)2@+-A(2)@)%(+%+-)2?D4/*.*+*2@$@E%+%-)2@)%(+@+3%+@$%+)*2A2*)@)%(+(3)/*0+.$%-/5*2-%(+(3)/*!#$%&%$’(%)*+#*$(+.)(F%+%-)2?(342@+-A(2)$C/%$*A@2)%&$@2%+)*2A2*)@)%(+3(2@AA$%&@)%(+@+2()%+*@E%+%-)2@)%(+(3)/*0+.$%-/5*2-%(+(3)/*!#$%&%$’(%)*+-/@$$#*A2(5%*#?G/@+.%@+H+%5*2-%)?D,+*5*+)(3@+?@E#%.%)?(2%-&2*A@+&%*-#*)C**+)/*0+.$%-/5*2-%(+@+G/%+*-*5*2-%(+(3)/*!#$%&%$’(%)*+$)/*G/%+*-*5*2-%(+-/($#*2*3*22*@+@&&*A)*DG(EE*+)-$-..*-)%(+-@+%+I%2%*-@2*C*$&(E*@+-/($#*@2*--*)(G/@+.%@+H+%5*2-%)?J2*--&F%$*-*&)%(+$K()/9+L%+.L(@$M%%@+$!DLDG/%+@’!(-)@$G(*&N:OP’0;E@%$&/*-/@%Q&/D*D&+#D4/*3**#@&R-C%$$#*&(+-%*2*%+3)2*2*5%-%(+-D,)%-/*2*#?@++(+&*D2,0,(345%.!410(&%43%.3#$#%&’#!()#&*+’,-%./,016@+@2?:S$999T7*+*2@$U33%&*(3F%+%-)2?(342@+-A(2)!2%+)*(+6@+@2?9$999iIntroductiontoEnglishVersionStandardsreflecttheachievementofcivilization,providecommonlanguagesfortechnicalcommunicationsandimproveglobalconnectivity.Inrecentyears,Chinesegovernmenthasbeenproactivelyimplementingthestandardizationtostimulateinnovation,coordination,greeningandopeningupforshareddevelopmentinChinaandworldwide.InlightofmutualdevelopmentalongtheSilkRoadEconomicBeltandthe21st-CenturyMaritimeSilkRoad(socalled‘theBeltandRoadInitiative’),theMinistryofTransportofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaorganizedtranslationandpublishedinternationalversionofChinesetransportationindustrystandardsandspecificationstocopewiththeincreasingdemandsforinternationalcooperationinworldtransportation,achieveinterconnecteddevelopmentandpromoteknowledgedispersionandexperiencesharing.JTGisthedesignationreferringtothestandardsandspecificationsofhighwaytransportationindustry,issuedbyMinistryofTransportofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.Itcoversthestandardsandspecificationsintermsoftechnology,administrationandserviceforthewholeprocessfromhighwayplanningtohighwaymaintenance.Thecriteriaforsafety,environmentandeconomyassessmentarealsoincluded.Bytheendof2020,thereexistnearly5.2millionkilometersofhighwaysinChina,includingmorethan160,000kilometersofexpresswayand910,000bridges,whicharestillingrowthdramaticallyeachyear.Inthefaceofsuchalargescaleofnewly-builtandin-servicebridges,howtoensureitsconstructionqualityandoperationsafetyisofgreatimportance.Loadtestisoneofthetechnicalmeanstotesttheloadcarryingsafetyofbridge,whichplaysanessentialroleinbridgeacceptanceforhand-over&completeconstruction,dailymaintenance,regularinspectionandagedbridgeevaluation.Ithaspracticalsignificanceforrealizingthescientificmanagementandmaintenanceofbridges,ensuringthesafeoperationandpromotingthedevelopmentofhighwaybridges.Onthebasisoffullysummarizingmatureiiexperienceandabsorbingrelevantscientificresearchachievementsathomeandabroad,theChineseexpertscompiledtheJTG/TJ21-01—2015(E)SpecificationsforLoadTestofHighwayBridges.ThepurposeofcompilingthisEnglishversionistoexchangeandshareChineseengineeringexperienceandtechnicalachievementswithcounterpartsfromothercountries.ThecompilingworkisentrustedbytheMinistryofTransportofthePeople’sRepublicofChinatoChang’anUniversityandapprovedbytheHighwayDepartmentofMinistryofTransportofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.Thecontentsandnumberingofthechapters,sections,clausesandsub-clausesintheEnglishversionareexactlythesameasthoseinChineseversion.Ineventofanyambiguityordiscrepancies,theChineseversionshou