意义一致的原则(一)谓语动词为单数的情况1.由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现。TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan.(那个工人兼作家…)(比较:TheworkerandthewriterarefromBeijing.那位工人和那位作家)BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheWest.•2.1)Every…and(every)…•2)each…and(each…3)no…and(no)…,•4)manya…and(manya)…连接两个单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。•Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.•Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesame•mistake.•3.one/everyone/each/either/thenumber+of+复数名词作主语,•Eachofthestudentshasabook.谓语用单数。4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等无生命的集合名词作主语。Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.5.以s结尾的词,但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。6.表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语,表达一个整体概念时。Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.•7.由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成•的不定代词作主语。•8.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。•Collectingstampsiswhathelikes.•Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.•9.单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。(二)谓语动词为复数的情况1.由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Bothbreadandbutteraresoldout.2.people,police,cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.3.goods,stairs,arms等名词作主语。•4.由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s结尾的专有名词作主语。•TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.•5.anumberof/quantitiesof/agroupof+名词作主语。(三)谓语动词单、复数视情况而定1.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语。强调整体用单数,指个个成员用复数。Hisfamilyisagreatone.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.2.means,works,pains等词,根据主语表达的概念而定。Thesteelworksisnearthestation.Twonewsteelworksarebeingbuilt.•3.“kind,sort,pair,type+名词”作主语,以这些名词本身的单复数而定。•4.all,none,some,any等不定代词作主语,根据其指代的内容而定。•Allarepresent.•Allthefoodtastesgood.•5.“half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/plenty/分数、百分数+of+名词”作主语:•谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。就近一致原则由or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。NotonlyhebutalsoIaminvited.Neithermyglovesnormyhatgoeswiththedress.•with,alongwith,togetherwith,including,but,except,like,among,aswellas,nomorethan,besides,ratherthan+名词”置于主语后,谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。•Theteacherwithanumberofstudentsisintheclassroom.集合名词作主语,谓语的数如何确定?1.Hisfamily_______asmallone.2.Hisfamily_______fatandshort.A.is,isB.are,areC.is,areD.are,is此题应选C。family是一个集合名词,具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。类似这种用法的词主要的有:team(队,队员),class(班,班上的全体学生),crowd(人群),government(政府),crew(乘务员),committee(委员会,委员们),audience(听众)等:•Thisclassconsistsof45students.MrGreenteachesit.•这个班45个学生,由格林先生教。•Thisclassarealldiligent.MrGreenteachesthem.•这个班的学生都很用功,由格林先生教。•Itwaslate,buttheaudiencewasincreasing.•时间很迟了,但听众人数却在增加。•Theaudiencewereallmovedtotears.•听众都感动得流了泪。Theteamisthebestintheleague.这个队在联赛中打得最好。Thefootballteamarehavingbaths.足球队队员们在洗澡。•但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法:•1.有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数):clothing衣服,poetry诗歌,baggage/luggage行李,furniture家俱,machinery机械,scenery景色,jewellery珠宝等。•2.有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式):people人,police警察,cattle牲口等。谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?WeChinese____ahard-workingpeople.A.isB.areC.isbeingD.arebeing此题应选B。这里应注意的是:我们通常说的是主谓一致(即谓语与主语保持一致),而不是表谓一致(即不是谓语与表语一致),本题意为:我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。•注意以下类似例子:•ThesetwodictionariesareapresentformybestfriendJim.•Theplanetsweretheobjectofhisstudy.•ThemostimportantthingIneedisbooks.•Thecountry'sleadingexportiswatches.•Thebestpartofthemealisthecoffeeandcookies.•但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能,它的谓语到底用单数还是复数,要看具体的语境(多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数),例如:•Whoisyourbrother?谁是你的兄弟?•Whoareyourbrothers?哪些是你的兄弟?•Whathesaidisquitecorrect.他所说的完全正确。•Whatheleftmeareonlyafewoldbooks.他给我留下的只是几本旧书。并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致?1.Youorhe_______toblame.你或他有一人要受责备。2._______youorhetoblame?受责备的是你还是他?A.is,IsB.are,AreC.is,AreD.are,Is在通常情况下,两个并列主语由or,either…or,neither…nor,not…but,notonly…but(also)等连接时,其谓语通常与第二个主语(即临近的一个主语)保持一致,但是,在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语(即临近的一个主语)保持一致。1.Oneortwodays____enoughtoseethecity.A.isB.areC.amD.be2.NeithermywifenorImyself____abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind.A.isB.areC.amD.be•3.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.•A.isB.are•C.amD.be•4.Nottheteacher,butthestudents____lookingforwardtoseeingthefilm.•A.isB.are•C.amD.be下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致?Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks____tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered用连词and连接的两个并列主语,其谓语要用复数,但是若主语跟有with,like,but,except,besides,including,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan等连接的另一个名词,其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。1.NobodybutBettyandMary____lateforclassyesterday.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.havebeen2.Awomanwithsomechildren____soon.A.iscomingB.arecomingC.hascomeD.havecome3.Nooneexceptmyparents____anythingaboutthis。A.knowB.knowsC.isknownD.areknown•4.Theteacheraswellasthestudents____thebookalready.•A.hasreadB.haveread•C.arereadingD.isreading•5.Allbutone____intheaccident.•A.waskilledB.werekilled•C.willbekilledD.arekilled