搜索
(定语从句)一个美丽的女孩abeautifulgirlbeautiful（形容词作前置定语）一个穿白色衣服的女孩agirlinwhiteinwhite（介词短语作后置定语）一个正唱歌的女孩agirlissingingwhoissinging（定语从句，agirl为先行词）定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）词称为中心词。形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成“……的”。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。LiMingisaboy.LiMingisagoodboy.LiMingisagoodboy.形容词作定语介词短语作定语在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。goodwithglasseswhoiswearingglasses句子作定语先行词引导词(关系词）从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.（被修饰的名词或代词）（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）修饰先行词的句子定语从句分析结构：先行词+引导词+从句ThisisthecardthatI’vejustreceived先行词引导词从句关系代词关系副词who,that,which,whom,whoseWhere,when,why定语从句：由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：在名词或代词后先行词：被定语从句修饰的词引导词：引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词引导词的作用:(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置做题一般步骤1.确定先行词：空格之前的单词或词组2.将先行词带入定语从句，还原从句为完整句子3.根据先行词在还原句中的成分确定引导词步骤二步骤三Inwhich=where步骤一先行词house，带入句子Thisisthehouse_______Ilive.关系代词关系副词先行词句中作用省否who人主语/宾语关系代词在句中作宾语可以省略whom人宾语which物主语／宾语that人／物主语／宾语whose人／物定语When时间状语where地点状语whyreason状语■关系代词who,whom的用法who和whom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中who在定语从句中用作主语，whom在定语从句中用作宾语。如：Imetagirlwhoknewyoursister.我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘。InBerlin,hefirstmetthewomanwhomhewouldonedaymarry.在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人，后来他终于跟她结了婚。但是，用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用who,that代之。如：ThepersontowhomIcomplainedisthemanager.我向他投诉的那个人是经理。Theperson(who,whom,that)Icomplainedtoisthemanager.我向他投诉的那个人是经理。关系代词的作用■关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在定语从句中主要用作定语。如：Sheisthewomanwhosecarwasstolen.她就是汽车被盗的Thisisthehousewhosewindowswerebroken.这就是窗户被打破了的房子。Mrs.Gray,whosechildrenareincollege,istryingtogetajob.格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。Hishouse,whosewindowswereallbroken,wasadepressingsight.他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。关系代词WHICH的用法which：只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。如：（1）Shewasnotonthetrainwhicharrivedjustnow.她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。（2）Henevergotbackthemoneywhichhehadlenthim.他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。which在引导定语从句，作宾语是可以省略：Isthisthebook（which）youarelookingfor？(lookfor寻找)这是你要找的书吗？关系代词THAT用法一、指人的用法that用于指人，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：Adriverthathasknockedsomeonedownmuststop.撞人的司机必须停车。Heisthemanthatyouhavebeenlookingfor.他就是你要找的那个人。Heisnotthatmanthathewas.他已不是过去的他了。二、指物的用法that用于指物，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：ThisistheplanethatwillflytoTokyointheafternoon.这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。ShewasannoyedbysomethingthatIhadsaid.她为我说的某句话而不高兴。Shengzhenisnotthecitythatitusedtobe.深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。thehandsomethetallthestrongthecleverthenaughtyboyTheboyisTom.TheboywhoishandsomeisTom.TheboywhoistallisTom.TheboywhoisstrongisTomTheboywhoiscleverisTomTheboywhoisnaughtyisTom.TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.(主语)TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom.Thewomangotthejob.ThewomancanspeakRussian.ThewomanwhocanspeakRussiangotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Theteacherisfamous.Theteacherwhoisfamouswillgiveusatalk.Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(whom)everyonelikesiskind.(宾语)Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.Ex:Heistheteacher.TheteachercanspeakFrench.HeistheteacherwhocanspeakFrench.Doyouknowtheman?Hecametovisityoutoday.Doyouknowthemanwhocametovisityoutoday?Theladysteppedonhisfoot.Hewasdancingwiththelady.Thelady(whom)hewasdancingwithsteppedonhisfoot.Doyouknowtheman?Youwillvisithimtoday.Doyouknowthemanwhomyouwillvisittoday?appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.TheapplewhichisredissmallTheapplewhichisgreenisbig.Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat.Thegoatiseatingherflowers.Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhichiseatingherflowers.Canyoulendmethebook?Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.Canyoulendmethebook(which)youtalkedaboutlastnight.Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.关系词注意:从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致that指人或物which指物who指人1、当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much，each等修饰时(1)Haveyoutakendowneverything(that)Mr.Lihassaid?(2)Thereseemstobenothing(that)seemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(4)Thereislittle(that)Icandoforyou.注意1：部分时候that可以省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who(4)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。2、当先行词被序数词修饰ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.4、当形容词被thevery,theonly，thesame,thelast,any,little等修饰时(1)ThisistheverygooddictionarythatIwanttobuy,(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who(3)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting？5、当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitusedtobe10yearsago.8.当在therebe句型中，通常情况下用that，不用whichwho,that（先行词为人）区别1.用who不用that的情况：(1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhohave