分词作定语-讲解

分词作定语分词作定语时有下面几个特点：1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。Herushedintotheburninghouse．他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother．站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom．朝南的房间是我们的教室。Haveyougotyourwatchrepaired?你拿到那个修好的表了吗?分词作定语时的时间关系一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：DoyouwanttoseethedoctortobesentforfromBeijing?你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？Doyouwanttoseethedoctorworkingonthecasereportintheoffice?你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？共同点：单个分词做定语放在所修饰名词前(aswimmingpool)；分词短语（就是不仅仅由一个分词构成的用来修饰名词的短语thebookwrittenbyLuxun）做后置定语，即放名词后。用过去分词还是现在分词做定语的判断关键：名词与该动作的关系1.现在分词(Ving)做定语：从功能上看，现在分词做定语表示1）主动（及物）；2）进行（不及物）。做定语：相当于一个定语从句(主动)Doyouknowtheboystandingatthedoor?Doyouknowtheboywhoisstandingatthedoor?Adevelopingcountryneedsaids.Acountrythat/whichisdevelopingneedsaids.TheylivedinahousefacingthesouthTheylivedinahousethatfacedthesouth.Themanwearingaredtieisourhead.Themanwhowearsaredtie(戴红领带)isourhead.Theworkersworkinginthefactoryarewell-paid.Theworkerswhoareworkinginthefactoryarewell-paid.在这家工厂工作的工人报酬很好2．过去分词(p.p)做定语从功能上看，过去分词做定语表示1）被动（及物）；2）完成（不及物）。做定语：相当于一个定语从句（被动），有时侯也表示完成的Thebrokenwindowwasrepairedthismorning.Thewindowbrokenyesterdaywas….Thewindowthat/whichwasbrokenyesterdaywas…..昨天被打破的玻璃今早被修好了Thesoldhamburgersarenottomytaste.Thehamburgerssoldinthischainarenotto…..这家连锁店卖的汉堡不适合我的口味Thehamburgersthat/whicharesoldinthischainarenotto….Thearrivedguestswillbeledin.（此过去分词表示完成）Theguestsarrivedjustnowwill….刚到的客人将会被带进来Theguestswhoarrivedjustnowwillbe….ThebookthatwaswrittenbyWangsellswell.ThebookwrittenbyWangsellswell.ThetiethatiswornbyourheadismadeinShanghai.ThetiewornbyourheadismadeinSHTheshoes(thatwere)madeinasmallfactoryareofbadquality.小厂产的鞋子质量差反之，一个定语从句可以转化为分词做定语的结构ThemanIintroducedtoyouyesterdayhadjustreturnedfromJapan.Themanintroducedtoyoubymeyesterdayhadjust…昨天我给你介绍的那人刚从日本回来Heisamanwhoislovedbyall.Heisamanlovedbyall.他是个大家所热爱的人Theleavesthathavefallenarecollectedbythecleaners.Thefallenleavesarecollected…ThatletterIreceivedlastweekwasfromLi.TheletterreceivedlastweekwasfromLi.