chapter6-terms-of-payment重点

Chapter6PaymentTermsMaincontentpaymentinstruments—汇票、本票、支票Paymentterms—汇付、托收、信用证PaymentclausesDifficultyinpaymentofinternationaltransaction•Reasons:•1)Internationaltransactionsinvolvelongerdistanceandmoreprocedures.•2)Longertimeisneededinsettlinganinternationalpayment.•3)differentregulationsandsystemsoflawthatareappliedfurthercomplicatethepayment.Paymentinstrumentsofinternationaltrade•Ininternationaltrade,paymentcanbemadebyvariousmeans:•drafts•promissorynotes•checks•moneyorders•creditcards一、Draft/BillofExchange（一）DefinitionItisanunconditionalorderinwritingsignedbyoneparty(drawer)requestingasecondparty(drawee/payer)tomakepaymentinlawfulmoneyimmediatelyoratadeterminablefuturetimetoathirdparty(payee).•汇票是由一个人(drawer)•向另一个人签发的(drawee)•无条件的•书面命令•要求受票人见票时或在未来某一规定的或可以确定的时间(tenor)•将一定金额的款项支付给某一特定的人或其指定人，或持票人(payee)。（二）Partiesinvolved出票人thedrawer受票人thedrawee,payer收款人thepayeeThepersonwhodrawsthebillThepersonwhoistopaythemoneyThepersonwhoistoreceivethemoney（三）MainitemsinaBillofExchange（《票据法》第22条）◆Theword“BillofExchange”AnunconditionalorderinwritingAcertainsumofmoneyTimeandplaceofpaymentNameofdrawee/payerNameofpayeeIssuedateDrawer’snameandsignatureSamples•汇票.xlsNo___________Exchangefor________Beijing,China,_______At_____sightoftheFIRSTofexchange(theSECONDofthesametenoranddatebeingunpaid),Paytotheorderof__________________Thesumof_________________________Drawnunder_________________________Valuereceivedandchargetoaccount.To__________________________（四）Typesofdrafts1.DifferentdrawersCommercialBill商业汇票(Ifthedrawerisacommercialfirm/individual)Banker’sBill银行汇票(ifthedraweristhebank)2.WhetherdocumentsattachedCleanbill光票–WhennoshippingdocumentsattachedDocumentarydraft跟单汇票–Whenshippingdocumentsattached–Itiscommonlyused付款人可以是商号，个人或者银行Include:银行承兑汇票商业承兑汇票3.TimeofpaymentSight/demandbill即期汇票Time/Usancebill远期汇票Accordingtotenor,abillofexchangemayeitherbepaidatsightonpresentationorberequiredtobepaidatalaterdate,suchas:–见票后若干天付款•Payat30daysaftersight.–出票后若干天付款•Payat30daysafterdateofdraft.–运输单据日后若干天付款•Payat30daysafterdateofB/L.–指定日期付款•Payat10thJuly,2004.4.按承兑人不同commercialacceptancedraft商业承兑汇票–由商业企业或个人承兑的远期汇票banker’sacceptancedraft银行承兑汇票–由银行承兑的远期汇票指付款人对远期汇票表示承担到期付款责任的行为。付款人在汇票上写明“承兑”字样，注明承兑日期，并由付款人签字，交还持票人。付款人对汇票作出承兑，即成为承兑人。承兑人在远期汇票到期时承担付款的责任。（五）Theuseofdraft1.出票（Issue）2.提示（Presentation）3.承兑（Acceptance）4.付款（Payment）出票人收款人出票习惯认为只有付款人签名未写“承兑”也构成承兑。5.背书（Endorsement）6.拒付和追索（Dishonor＆Recourse）1、出票Issuance•Itistheprocessinwhichadrawercompletestheitemsinadraft•Withregardtopayee,thedrawermayusethefollowingways:–Restrictivepayee限制性抬头•Suchas“PayABCCo.Ltd,only”or“payABCCo.Ltd.,notnegotiable•Itiscannotbetransferredornegotiatedtoanotherpartyandonlythepayeenamedcancollectthemoney.–Toorder指示性抬头–suchas“toorder”“paytotheorderofABCCo.Ltd.”•Itcanbenegotiatedortransferredtoantherpartyafterendorsementbythepayee.•Tobearer持票人或来人抬头•Itdoesnotneedtheendorsementfortransfer.2、提示presentation•Itmeanstheholderofthedraftletsthedraweesightthedraftforpaymentoracceptance.•持票人将汇票提交受票人，要求承兑或付款的行为•Ifthebillisatsightorondemand,thedraweehasto?•topaytheamountatonce•Ifitisausanceortimebill,thedraweehastodowhat?•tomakeacceptanceandpaytheamountonthedatedueThedrawee’sreceivingorseeingthebill3、承兑Acceptance•Itausancedraftispresented,thedraweetakesuptheobligationofpaymentwhenthedraftbecomesduebywritingtheword“accepted”,hissignatureandthedateofacceptanceonthefaceofthedraft.•汇票一经承兑，付款人就成为承兑人（Acceptor)，并成为汇票的主债务人，而出票人成为次债务人4、付款payment•Twosituations•Forasightdraft,thedraweewillpaytheamountondraftimmediatelywhenitispresented.•Fortimedraft,thedraweewillpayondatedue.5、背书Endorsement•背书人在汇票背面记载有关事项并经签章后交给受让人•受让人由此取得汇票的权利，成为持票人•三种方式：6、贴现Discount•远期汇票持有人想提前取得票款，将汇票背书后转让给银行，银行扣除从转让日到到期日的利息后将票款付给持票人，到期日再向付款人收回足额票款7、拒付Dishonor•Thedraweerefusestoorisunabletopayoracceptadraft,thenthedraftisdishonoredbill.•ThreesituationsDishonorbynone-acceptance持票人作承兑提示时遭到拒绝承兑Dishonorbynon-payment持票人作付款提示时遭到拒绝付款Paymentisimpossiblebecauseofthepayer’sbankruptcy,deathorhisevadingIfthedraftisdishonored,theholderofthedraftcanexercisehisrightofrecourseandaskthedrawerortheendorsertopaythedraftamount.8、追索Recourse•汇票遭到拒付，持票人具有对其前手要求偿还汇票金额及费用的权利•Inordertoexercisetherightofrecourse,theholdershouldapplyforaletterofprotestfromthenotarypubliconthestrengthofwhichhemayrecoverthepurchaseprice.•如果已承兑的汇票遭拒付，持票人可向法院起诉，要求承兑人付款二、本票PromissoryNote（一）definition•Seethebook•本票是出票人签发的，承诺自己在见票时无条件支付确定金额给收款人或持票人的票据•Itisalsoanunconditionalpromise.（二）Mainparities•Maker•Payee•thepersonwhomakesthepromissorynoteThepersonwhoistoreceivethemoney（三Types1.DifferentmakerCommercialPNBankPN说明：我国进出口业务中，用本票作为支付工具的不多，即使使用也是银行本票。2.DifferenttimedueDemand/sightPNTimePNDifferencesbetweendraftandPN本票unconditionalpromise，汇票unconditionalorder；本票两个当事人（maker和payee），汇票三个当事人（drawer、drawee和payee）；definitionparties本票出票人是主要债务人，汇票承兑前，出票人是主要债务人，承兑后，承兑人是主要债务人;本票只能开出一张，汇票可以开出一式两份或一套几张;责任份数支票三、支票Cheque,Check（一）definitionSeethebook支票是是出票人签发、委托办理支票存款业务的银行或者其他金融机构在见票时无条件支付确定金额给收款人或者持票人的票据itisaspecialdraft(即以银行为付款人的即期汇票)（二）支票的种类•普通支票•现金支票•转帐支票Methodsofpayment•随单付现CWO(cashwit