浅析杨宪益戴乃迭夫妇的翻译理论与作品李艺欣宁森钱莹郭文蔚Content---1,Abriefintroductionofthecouple2,Mainworks3,TheirtranslationphilosophyAbriefintroduction----lifeexperienceofYangXianyi杨宪益(1915-2009),afamoustranslatorinChina,aforeignliteratureresearchexpert.Bornedintoawealthybankerfamilyin1915.StudiedClassicsinMertonCollege(默顿学院,Oxfordin1936.ReturnedtoChinain1940withhiswifeGladysMargaretTaylor戴乃迭。WorkedforForeignLanguagesPressform1935Labeleda“rightist”andputintoprisonfrom1968to1972withhisEnglishwife.Passedawayin2009.戴乃迭,原名GladysB.Tayler,婚后更名为GladysYang1919年戴乃迭生于北京一个英国传教士家庭。戴乃迭七岁时返回英国,在教会中学接受教育。1937年戴乃迭考入牛津大学,最初学习法语语言文学,后转攻中国语言文学,是牛津大学首位中文学士。她从小挚爱中国文化,1999年11月18日戴乃迭于北京逝世。戴乃迭女士是中国文学出版社英籍老专家、在国际上享有崇高声誉的翻译家和中外文化交流专家。Thecouple’swork---WithGladys'shelp,hetranslatedthelyricalpoemLiSaobyQuYuan(4thcenturyBC)intoEnglishheroiccoupletsinthestyleofJohnDryden.TheycooperatedandintroducedalargenumberofChineseclassicstotheEnglish-speakingworld.Sufferings---文革期间遭受迫害In1968,heandGladyswerearrestedandheldwithoutnewsofeachotherortheoutsideworldforfouryears.Afterbeingreleasedfromdetention,in1972,Yangswereallowedtocompletedtheirtranslationofthemostfamousnovelofall,the18thcenturyDreamoftheRedMansion.Ratherthanrageagainstfate,thosewhosurvivedwouldtakerefugeinhumourandself-deprecation.Maintranslationworks---LiSao《离骚》RecordsofaHistorian《史记》DreamoftheRedMansion《红楼梦》Thescholars《儒林外史》SelectedstoriesbyLuXun《鲁迅选集》英译汉---Homer’slliad《伊利亚特》Odyssey《奥德赛》Pygmalion《卖花女》让外国人都能读懂《红楼梦》--TheYangs--ADreamofRedMansions(ForeignLanguagePressBeijing,1978)arethemostwidely-readandonlycompletetranslationversionsintheworld.Yang'stranslationisbasedonthetheoryofthealienationandHawk’stranslationisbasedonthetheoryofthedomestication《红楼梦》英文版赏析满纸荒唐言Pagesfullofidleword一把辛酸泪Pennedwithhotandbitter都云作者痴Allmencalltheauthorfool:谁解其中味?Nonehissecretmessagehears.对比赏析---花谢花飞花满天,红消香断有谁怜?游丝软系飘春榭,落絮轻沾扑绣帘。杨氏译文:ASblossomfadeanflyacrossthesky,Whopitiesthefadedred,thescentthathasbeen?Softlythegossamerfloatsoverspringpavilions,Gentlythewillowfluffwaftstotheembroideredscreen.霍克斯译文:Theblossomfadeanfallingfilltheair,OffragranceanbrighthuesbereftanbareFlossdriftandfluttersroundthemaiden’sbower,Orsoftlystrikesagainsthercurtaineddoor.从诗歌形式上看,原诗是一二四末尾押韵,韵脚为“an”杨译是隔行押韵,而霍克斯是双行韵。霍克斯更多的追求的是形式上的美感,诗歌的韵律之美,而杨宪益夫妇更忠实于去表达诗歌其中的原滋原味,在翻译过程中将林黛玉的柔弱之气也展现出来了,在表达感情上更胜一筹,从这里也可以看出杨氏夫妇在翻译中对于原作内容的准确性的把握。TranslationtheoryFaithfulnessandfluency忠实和通顺Integrationofliteraltranslationandfreetranslationwithemphasizingthepreviousone.直译和意译相结合,直译为主,意译为辅Integrationofdomesticationandalienationwithemphasizingthelaterone.异化与归化相结合,异化为主,归化为辅。忠实faithfulness----杨宪益认为,译者要忠实于原作者的思想感情,尊重原作者的创造性工作。Yanginsiststhattranslationshouldbefaithfultotheoriginalauthor'sthoughtsandfeelings,andtranslatorshouldrespectthecreativeworkoftheoriginalauthor.例句:也不知道请了多少大夫,吃了多少药,花了多少钱。Goodnessknowshowmuchsilverwe'vesquanderedondoctorsandmedicinestocurethisillnessofmine.解析:杨宪益夫妇为了使句子更加符合英语口语化,就根据意思,在译文的句首增加了Goodnessknows(天晓得),这样不仅忠实地体现出口语中的那种轻微的抱怨与无奈,而且使句子读起来更加顺口。直译LiteralTranslation杨氏夫妇在翻译经典著作时,为了保存原作风姿,尽可能地传达中国语言和社会文化,主要采用了直译的翻译手法。Whentheytranslatetheclassics,inordertokeeptheoriginalwork'scharmandconveytheChineselanguageandsocialcultureasmuchaspossible,theymainlyuseliteraltranslationmethod.子兴冷笑道:“亏你是进士出身,原何不通”“ForapalaceGradyateyouarenotverysmart.”Zixingchuckled.远水解不了近渴。Distantwatercan'tquenchapresentthirst.意译FreeTranslation红楼梦中的大量谚语、成语、习语、俗语等语言现象在英语中无法找到对应的表达方式,所以不得不采用意译的翻译方法,舍弃原著的外在美,而保留内在美,使异国读者能够没有障碍的理解原著。Therearesomanyproverbs,idiomsandslangsinHongLoumeng,andwecan'tfinethecorrespondingexpressionsinEnglish,sowehavetousethetechniqueoffreetranslation.Keeptheoriginalwork'sinnerbeautybutabandonitsexternalbeauty.Thenitcanmakesiteasyfortheforeignreaderstounderstandtheoriginalwork.例子--赵嬷嬷也笑个不停,有念佛到:“可是屋子里跑出青天来了。”“AmidaBuddha!”shecrackled.Soherecomesanimpartialjudge.翻译中增加了“AmidaBuddha”,“阿弥陀佛”的意思。“青天”在中国比喻公正清廉的官员。归化与异化结合杨氏夫妇所翻译的作品大都是中国古典名著,他们采用异化与归化相结合的方式,以异化为主,归化为辅,担当起传播中国文化的重任。Yang'scouple'stranslationworksaremostlyChineseclassics,andtheycombineforeignizationanddomestication,mainlyuseforeignizationandsupplementwithdomestication.TheybearedtheburdenofspreadingChineseculture.例句--那僧笑道:“你放心,如今现有一段风流公案,正该了结,这一干风流冤家,尚未投胎转世。”Don'tworry,repliedthemonk.Alovedramaisaboutbeenacted,butnotallitsactorshaveyetincarnated.熟悉中国文化的人对“风流”一词的理解并不难。但是要向异国读者解释何为“风流”,实属不易,即算费尽口舌也未必使其豁然开朗。鉴于此,杨氏夫妇索性进行归化处理,减少不必要的文化障碍。翻译原则中,杨氏夫妇秉承忠实与通顺以做到尊重原作者的文学创作,承担译者的责任而不是创作者的责任,在直译与意译之间倾向直译以保持原作的文化氛围,体现文化底蕴,呈现一份原汁原味的文化大餐,杨氏夫妇真的有太多的东西值得我们学习。Thankyou!