生物质燃气分布式供能系统的控制研究

上海交通大学硕士学位论文生物质燃气分布式供能系统的控制研究姓名：池里杰申请学位级别：硕士专业：@指导教师：翁一武20080201IDES(),CCHP,,,SCMPLCIPCSCMPLCIPCSCMPLCIPCII200708SCMPLCIPCABSTRACTIIIRESEARCHOFTHECONTROLOFDISTRIBUTEDENERGYSYSTEMUSINGBIO-GASABSTRACTDistributedEnergySystem(DES)isdifferentfromtraditionalpowersupplysystem.Itcanindependentlyproducepower,cooland(or)heat,whichissetjustbesidesthebuilding.Now,themostpopularDESsarethosehigh-efficient,environment-friendlyCombinedCooling,HeatingandPower(CCHP)systems,whichwillbeproperlycomposedofdifferentpowerdevicesconsumedliquidfuelorgas,suchasinternal-combustionengine,gasturbine,fuelcells,heatrecoverboiler,steamturbineorlithiumbromidechiller/heater.Bio-gasusingDESisanewsystemthatisfueledwithbiomassandwithinternal-combustionengineorgasturbineastheprimemotor.Thissystemhasgreatpotentialindevelopment,becausethewholereservesofthebiomassresourceislargeandthedistributionisdispersivewhichisnotsuitableforlongdistancetransportationandthusitisinreasontousebiomassfortheDES.Withtheresearchanddevelopmentofthenewtypetechnologyofthebiomassenergyandcompletionofrelevantfavourablepolicies,thecommercializationprocessofthebio-gasusingDESwillspeedstepbystepandthereliabilityandeconomyofthetechnologywillstrengthenconstantly,soithasgoodmarketprospectandwellsocialcomprehensivebenefit.ThispaperhasintroducedakindofCCHPsystemfueledbiomassgas,withinternal-combustionengineasprimemotor.AftersomeresearchinitsworkingprocessofCCHPsystem,thecontrolsystemhasbeendesignedincludingSingleChipMicrocomputer(SCM),ProgrammableLogicABSTRACTIVController(PLC)andIndustrialPersonalComputer(IPC).Inthecontrolsystem,PLCorSCMisresponsibleforthelowestlayercontrol,suchascollectingdata,andexecutingcontrolcommands.IPCisinchargeofreal-timemonitorandcontrol,toachievesecurity,stability,easeofmanagementandmodernization.ThewholesystemhasbeenestablishedpreliminaryandthetestoftherunninginShanghaiSifangBoilerfactory.ThesuccessfulapplicationofthecontrolsystembasedontheSCM,PLCandIPCwillenhancetheautomationlevelofthesystemandalsoimprovethemaintenanceefficiencyofthesystem.Atthesametime,itcanspeedthegeneralizationofthebio-gasusingDESinourcountry,enhancethecomprehensiveusingefficiencyoftheresourceinourcountryandthusplayaimportantroleinpromptingthehigh-speed,goodandharmoniousdevelopmentoftheeconomyandenvironmentandalsoinestablishingaenvironment-protectingandeconomicalsociety.Keywords:DistributedEnergySupplyBiomassInternalCombustionEngineSingleChipMachineProgrammableLogicalController20082420082420082411.105dz120101.2[1]1.31.3.1DES()(CombinedCoolingHeatingPowerCCHP)2[2][3][4][5][6]KW123CHPCCHP[7][11][12]()13234(CHP)(CCHP)20020601.141.1,,,500,110,,(90),,,:1,2,32%40%,3,4,50000120000r/min60Hz380V11/423456751.3.2()CCHP35%-5530-47%CCHP80%CCHP[7]SOxNOx6[9][10]1.3.3CCHP()1.11.220004%CCHP200525201050CCHP202019%CCHP4%8%202030%CCHP()()()CCHPKW300MW30%-40%70%-80%7()1.1//Fig.1.1GasEngine/GasTurbine—GasStackLithiumBromideChillerwithburnerCombinedCooling,HeatingandPowersystem1.2Fig.1.2FuelGas–SteamCombinedCooling,HeatingandPowersystem58(+10-50)0801.4[15][16]12070,1999,980,4926MW,770,0.7MW104,9.0MW27,78.1MW2Busch35000BTU/h2500019953Cemaur4500kw,()380%100%1CHP,3Princetonco-generationplant1990,2000kw/hLM1600,1500kwGE3075%80%,650019962()20008229[16]14050706/,1383.4%2(),4000KW30.9MPa9.7t/h28.5%77%,,80%90%1.51.5.1,,,,,,(DOE):,,61010,14%,35%,2050,38%,17%,,,199939%,17.4%,:,,,,,,,,[17]1.5.2:():,,:,(DOE)1997,(BIGCC)50MWe23.0%1965/kWh,5.50C/kWhBIGCC75MWe36.0%2102/KWh,3.98C/kWh,,,,[17]1.611416l01000010252OOO50l25002006112520041.43720102212200162010102019956.04155.1345.1342.86210-20()60121.7,,,,,21.132.1(1)(2)(3)()2.1142.1CCHPFig.2.1SketchMapofCCHPSystemCCHPCCHP2.2(DistributedGenerationDG)(DistributedPower,DP)(DistributedEnergyResources,DER)(DG)/15(DP)1KW10MW/(DER)DGDPDERDPDGDG(DER)DERKW50MWDGDGDG()()(2.2)(2.3)(2.4)162.2Fig.2.2Reciprocatingenginecombinedheatingandpowersystem2.3Fig.2.3Microgasturbinecombinedheatingandpowersystem2.4Fig.2.4Fuelcellcombinedheatingandpowersystem172.1[18]2.1(%)3529~4227~326~192540~57(kW*m-2)5059590.020.011~3($*kW-1)200~350450~8701000660010003000~5000($*kW-1)0.010.005~0.0070.005~0.0070.001~0.0040.010.002($*kWh-1)7~96~86~818~203~46~8(MJ*kWh-1)10~155~105~105~10(104h)4441~4(1)90%(2)(3)(4)5~73~5180.5~1.5(5)(6)(7)()()(8)(1)24h(2)2/3()(3)(4)(5)()(6)192.32.3.1,,5MJ/m315MJ/m3CO15%23%H28%13%CH41%3%CO211%14%O21.6%H21200H220%[19]46MJ/m31ηege[20]Ne=k1MbQηe2-120ge=Mb/Ne=k2/ηeQ2-2Ni=Ne+Nm2-3ηe=ηmηi2-4NeNiNmηeηmηiMbQgek1k2geηiηeηmge11/5~1/61/350%2H2H2H21015H218H215%3421200KW1220.14506000.05350060045050022700800IGCCB/IGCCIGCC100MWB/IGCC10MWIGCCB/IGCC35%1B/IGCCB/IGCCIGCC5~10MW1020MW20MW0.03[21]232.3.2:,200kW600kW1000kW2000kW3000kW15a6%()(1)(2)=+(3)=0.318/(KWh)2.2[22]2.2/kW200600100020003000/90220350660990/53.8596.58134.58257.05381.35/8.1616.4021.7748.0777.30/31.6259.6376.80153.60230.40/10.9212.8423.7632.2839.00/3.157.7012.2523.1034.65/38.16114.48190.80381.60572.40/KWh1203606001200180024(2.3)[22]2.3/kW200600100020003000/%//0.925.065.78/-286.18-210.84-91.94-34.15-12.24/a//13.5810.369.932.4(),253.13.1(1),,,,