英语定语从句用法详解(初中)

英语定语从句用法详解（初中）在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。1.由who引导的定语从句中，who用作主语，如：Thisistheboywhooftenhelpsme.2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：Themanwhomyouarewaitingforhasgonehome.3.由whose引导的定语从句中，whose用作定语，如：Doyouknowthegirlwhoseskirtiswhite?4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如：Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.Theriverwhichisinfrontofmyhouseisveryclean.Thisisthepenwhichyouwant.注意：(1)whom,which用作介词宾语时，介词可放在whom、which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如：Heistheverypersonwhomwemusttakegoodcareof.(2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：Ihavelostmybag,whichIlikeverymuch.(3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如：ThebookthatIboughtyesterdaywaswrittenbyLuXun.注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。(1)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等，如：AllthatwehavetodoistopractiseEnglish.(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如ThefirstletterthatIgotfromhimwillbekept.(3)先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰，如I'veeatenupallthefoodthatyougaveme.(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时如HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkwith.(5)先行词既有人又有物时，如:Theytalkedaboutpersonsandthingsthattheymet.(6)当句中已有who时，为避免重复，如：Whoisthemanthatisgivingustheclass?6.由when,where,why引导的定语从句，如:Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhewaslate.Thisistheplacewherewehavelivedfor5years.I'llneverforgetthedaywhenImetMrLiforthefirsttime.注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。ThisisthehouseWhich/thathehaslivedinfor15years.(Wherehehaslivedfor15year.)7.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich等，这些关系代词都不能省略。(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句，不影响主句意思的完整，一般用逗号把主句和从句分开，关系代词用which,不用that;指人时可用who,如：Ihavetwobrothers,whoarebothstudents.8．如何简化定语从句（1）.定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。如:Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagethatisfarawayfromhere.→Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagefarawayfromhere.我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村子。Thisisabookthatisworthreading.→Thisisabookworthreading.这是一本值得看的书。（2）定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。ThemanwhoisstandingunderthetreeisourEnglishteacher.→ThemanstandingunderthetreeisourEnglishteacher.站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师。Isawthehousethatwasburningatthattime.→Isawtheburninghouseatthattime.当时我看到那房子在燃烧。（3）定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。IliketoseethefilmswhicharedirectedbyZhangYimou.→IliketoseethefilmsdirectedbyZhangYimou.我喜欢看张艺谋导演的电影。Sheisthegirlwhowaspraisedattheschoolmeeting.→Sheisthegirlpraisedattheschoolmeeting.她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩。（4）定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。Heisalwaysthefirstpersonthatcomestoschool.→Heisalwaysthefirstpersontocometoschool.他总是第一个到校。Thereportwhichwillbegiventomorrowisimportanttous.→Thereporttobegiventomorrowisimportanttous.明天要作的报告对我们很重要。（5）定语从句简化为what从句。Icouldn'trememberthewordsthathesaid.→Icouldn'trememberwhathesaid.我记不得他说的话。【典型例题解析】例[e-mail]解析先行词book被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句，故选C。例2I'llneverforgetthedays_____Istayedwithyou.A.whenB.inwhichC.thatD.forwhich解析本题指时间，故选A。例3Thebook______issoldoutatthemoment.A.youneedB.whatyouneedC.whichyouneeditD.thatyouneedit解析B、C、D中的what和it与先行Thebook相抵触，故选A。例4Isthistheplace______Lincolnoncelived.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when解析本题指地点，故选C。例5I'moneoftheboys_________neverlateforschool.A.thatisB.whoareC.whoamD.whois解析本题中who用作主语，谓语动词与先行词theboys保持一致，故选B。【选讲例题】例6Hersister,______youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEnglish.A.whomB.thatC.whichD.whois解析非限制性定语从句中，关系代词用which,不用that,但指人时用who或whom.故选A。例7Thesebookareforstudents_____motherlanguageisnotEnglish.A.ofwhomB.thatC.whichD.whose解析whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语，故选D。