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专题05构词法(讲义)目录考点构词法-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页【真题研析·规律探寻】-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3页考向1常考的否定前缀-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3页考向2考查高频前缀-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页考向3考查表示人的后缀-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页考向4考查名词后缀-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5页考向5考查形容词、副词后缀--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5页考向6考查动词后缀--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6页考向7考查合成词-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6页【核心提炼·考向探究】----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6页1．常考的构词法前缀------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6页2．常考的构词法后缀-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------7页3．常考的合成词及复合词---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10页【题型特训·命题预测】------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页预测考向1考查阅读理解中根据构词法猜测词义------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页预测考向2在语法填空中考查构词法----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页考点构词法考情分析：分析2021-2023年新高考有关构词法的考向分布。题型语法填空完形填空阅读理解考点构词法构词构词法构词构词法构词新高考I卷2023taste→tastyrecognized“被公认的”rarelywrappercompetitor参赛者；discouragedadj.泄气的medicaleconomicaladj.经济的，实惠的;sustainableadj.可持续的;strategicadj.重要的，合适的，战略(性)的;combinationn.结合；结合到一起的事物或人minimalismn.(艺术)极简主义availableadj.可用的，可得到的;foundationn.根基；基础intolerableadj.无法忍受的；难耐的minimalistn.最低限要求者statisticiann.统计学家estimationn.判断；估计additionaladj.附加的，另外的countlessadj.无数的;多得数不清的overestimatev.过高估计implicationn.牵连；含意2022eventuallyfinalizedinconsistenciesecosystemexcitement兴奋；honorable=honourableadj.光荣的；可敬的；高贵的disqualificationn.不合格；取消资格；被罚下场disqualified不合格的；被取消资格的willpowern.意志力；毅力2021undoubtedlyastonishedpermission允许;best-rated排名最好的up-and-coming积极进取的inclusionn.纳入;包含新高考II卷2023arrive→arrivalconfidence→confidentBasic→Basicallyindirectlytransportation交通；stranger陌生人uneventful太平无事的unavoidable不可避免的occasionallyadv.偶然；偶尔；有时候description描写evaluationn.评价，评估emotionaladj.感情的；情感的；情绪的initiatorn.发起人；创始人backcountry偏僻地区breathtaking令人叹为观止outnumber在数量上压倒，比...多representation代表,描述increasingly越来越多sympathetic同情的2022asleepaccidentallyabsence缺席expectations期待decision决定symbolically象征性地inexpensive廉价的throwaway可随意丢弃的interactive互动的activate激活springboard跳板constructive建设性的2021harmfulrepresentativeexcitedpoliceman警察;appearance出现，外表;information信息;observationn.观察；观测；监视observatoryn.天文台；气象台interpersonaladj.人际关系的；人际的总结高考考点，探究构词法的规律。近年来，高考对构词法的考查越来越多，2023年的阅读理解中出现的最多，这足以说明构词法对学生推断词义的重要性。考点要求考题统计考情分析课标内词汇转换（语法填空）3年15考【命题规律】根据新高考三年的考情分析，构词法在高考试题中起着重要作用，通过构词法可以推断词义，进而考生可快速提高阅读速度。完形填空中的选项页出现了很多通过构词法产生的新词。语法填空主要考查课标内的词形转换。因此，总结归类构词法知识非常必要。它能综合提高考生的核心素养。【命题预测】通过2023年高考试题的分析，未来高考试题中构词法构成的新词，将会频繁出现。完形填空中的词汇转换3年16考阅读理解中的词汇转换3年多考高考试题中的复合词3年多考考向1常考的否定前缀猜测词义1.(2023•浙江1月考)Theauthor’sfatherdisapprovedofbuyinggrocerieswithjars.2.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.3.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Theflightwasuneventful,andTiffywasagreatpassenger.4.(2021·全国乙卷)Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant.5.（2020•天津卷）Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.6.（2020•全国新高考I卷）Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.7.TheHimalayanredpandaistherarerofthetwo.Majorthreatstoredpandasincludedeforestationandhabitatloss.考向2考查高频前缀（猜测词义）1.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappersencasinghot,tastysoupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavouriteChinesestreetfood.2.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.3.(2023全国甲卷)EricWeiner’sTheSocratesExpress:InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophersreawakenedmyloveforphilosop