第10讲 定语从句(精讲)-【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结(新高考通用

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资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结(新高考通用)第10讲定语从句(精讲)题型目录一览限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句关系代词引导定语从句关系副词引导定语从句定语从句位于名词,代词之后,对它前面的名词起到修饰限定的作用,被定语从句修饰的名词,代词被称为先行词,连接先行词和从句之间的词称为关系词,关系词包括:关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose,as)和关系副词(when,where,why)一、定语从句的结构:(限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句)1.限制性定语从句结构:先行词+关系词+从句部分Thisisthehousethat/whichIboughtlastyear2.非限制性定语从句结构:先行词,关系词(that除外)+从句部分非限制性定语从句标志是先行词与关系词之间有逗号,不能用that引导。Thefactory,whichmyfatherusedtoworkinhasdevelopedabigcompanyalready.二、关系代词的用法(关系代词做成分,代替作用,连接作用)1.that---代替人或物---做主语,宾语,表语Eg:Thisisthephysicianthatcuredthepatient。一、知识点梳理资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】eg:Doyouknowtheplacethattheoldmanreferredto.Eg:Changchunisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe2.which---代替物---做主语,宾语eg:Thejourneywhichthestubbornorganizedlastautumnwasinteresting3.who---代替人---做主语,宾语Eg:Thegirlwholedapoorlifenevergaveintofateandeventuallysucceeded.Eg:Doyouknowthemanwhooftenhelpsthoseintrouble?4.whom---代替人---作宾语eg:Ourparentsisthepersonswhomwelovebest.5.whose---代替人或物---作定语(放在名词前)eg:ThetalentedboywhoseambitionisverybigwasadmittedtoBeijinguniversity.6.as引导定语从句(主要记住几个固定结构)(1)thesame...as...与.....一样(2)Such...as...像...一样....(3)Asisknown/reported/recorded/expected/described等eg:Iwanttobuythesamewatchasyouarewearing.Eg:Heissuchagoodboyaswealllike.Eg:Thesecondteamwonthematcheventually,asweexpected.四.用that不用which的情况1.先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything,everything等,必须用that.资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】eg:AllthatwehavetodoistopractiseEnglish.2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,必须用thatEg:ThefirstletterthatIgotfromhimwillbekept.3.先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰必须用thatEg:I'veeatenupallthefoodthatyougaveme.4.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时,必须用thatEg:HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkwith.5.先行词既有人又有物时,用thateg:Theytalkedaboutpersonsandthingsthattheymet.6.当句中已有who时,为避免重复吗,用that。Eg:Whoisthemanthatisgivingustheclass?7.当关系代词作表语时,用thatEg:Changchunisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobefiveyearsago.五、介词加关系代词的用法介词+关系代词(当先行词是人的时候用whom,是物时用which)Eg:Yourmotheristheonlypersontowhomyoucanturnforhelpwhenyouareintrouble.Eg;Ineverforgetthosedaysonwhichwelivedinthecountryside.六、关系副词的用法1.由when,where,why引导的定语从句,不作成分。when代替时间,where代替地点,Why代替原因(reason)资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】①Idon'tknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslate.②Thisistheplacewherewehavelivedfor5years.③I'llneverforgetthedaywhenImetMrLiforthefirsttime.Thisisthehouse(which/that)hehaslivedinfor15years.Thisisthehouse(where)hehaslivedfor15years.七、当family,job,situation,point,case,position,stage,occasion(场合)等做先行词时,定语从句完整,关系词用where.Eg:YouhavereachedthepointwhereyoumustmakeafinaldecisionEg:Thisisabigfamilywherewecangetwarmthandlove.八、关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。Eg:ThisisthebookIboughtlastweek.(在I前省略了that或which)题型一限制性定语从句【典例1】(2021年6月)Inthespring,aseason________wearelearningnewrhythmsoflife,manyofusfindcomfortinthenaturalworld.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which【答案】A【详解】考查定语从句。句意:春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节,许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。此处aseason是先行词,在后面的定语从句中作时间状语,定语从句由关系副词when引导。故选A。【典例2】(2021年3月)AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstands________artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when【答案】A【详解】考查定语从句。句意:在中国艺术节上有不同的展台,在那里艺术家可以展示他们资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分可知,stands作先行词,空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands,从句中不缺主宾表,故选关系副词,先行词stands在从句中作地点状语,所以应用where。故选A。【题型训练】1.(2023·天津·耀华中学校考二模)Aswellascompetitions,thereareeventssuchaspoetrysalons________youcansharepoemswithothers.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.what【答案】C【详解】考查定语从句。句意:除了比赛,还有诗歌沙龙这样的活动,在那里你可以和别人分享诗歌。分析句子可知,设空处在句中引导一个限制性定语从句,修饰前面的poetrysalons,关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故选C项。2.(2023·天津滨海新·统考三模)TheTempleofHeavenisacomplexofbuildings________emperorsoftheMingandQingdynastiesinChinaworshipedheaven.A.whatB.whereC.whichD.when【答案】B【详解】考查定语从句。句意:天坛是中国明清两代皇帝朝拜天坛的建筑群。定语从句修饰先行词buildings,在从句作地点状语,故用where。故选B。3.(2023·天津·模拟预测)Itwasinthisoldschool________thegovernmentbuiltin1968________hereceivedgoodeducation.A.where;whenB.which;thatC.that;whichD.where;which【答案】B【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意:正是在那座由当地政府1968年建造的学校里,他接受了良好的教育。分析句子可知,________thegovernmentbuiltin1968为定语从句,先行词thisoldschool在从句中作宾语,第一空用关系代词which/that。第二空构成强调句,用固定句型“itis+被强调部分+that/who+其余部分”,被强调部分非人,应用that。故选B项。4.(2023秋·天津·高三天津市咸水沽第一中学校考期末)Thestudyshowsthatthenumberofpeople______weightposesaseriousthreattotheirhealthisgreaterthaneverbefore.A.whereB.whoseC.whichD.when【答案】B【详解】考查定语从句。句意:研究表明,体重对健康构成严重威胁的人数比以往任何时候资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】都多。分析句子可知,此处为限定性定语从句。先行词是people,关系词在定语从句中作定语,故用whose引导。故选B。5.(2023秋·天津·高三统考期末)Iwillneverforgetthescene________yousawmeoffintearsatthestation.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.where【答案】D【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我永远不会忘记你在车站眼泪汪汪地为我送行的那一幕。根据句子分析可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词为thescene,在从句中作地点状语,故应用where引导,故选D。6.(2023·陕西西安·西安中学校考模拟预测)ItwasApril29,2001________PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.before【答案】B【详解】考查定语从句。句意:2001年4月29日,威廉王子和凯特·米德尔顿走进婚礼大厅。空处引导定语从句,先行词是April29,2001,代替它在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when。故选B。7.(2023·陕西西安·西安中学校考模拟预测)Haveyoueverhadacase________someoneaccusedyourjournalistofgettingthewrongendofthestick?A.asB.whenC.whereD.which【答案】C【详解】考查定语从句。句意:你有没有遇到过这样的情况,有人指责你的记者说错了方向?空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是case,关系词代替它在从句中作抽象的地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故选C。8.(2023·天津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