资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结(新高考通用)第14讲阅读理细节理解题(精讲)题型目录一览关键词定位法同义替换计算类概括类细节理解题的解题捷径采用寻读法,解题分三步:(1)先读题干,抓住关键词。(2)带着问题快速阅读文章,找出与问题有关的词语或句子。(3)仔细对比选项和原文信息,继而找出答案。细节理解题的正确选项特征同义替换①指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换,如把loseone'sjob换成beoutofwork。②有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,如把important变换成ofimportance。③改变原文中句子的语态,如主动语态与被动语态的转换信息归纳用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息,设置为正确答案正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项原文原词利用原文原词作为正确选项细节理解题的干扰选项特征知识点梳理资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】张冠李戴是原文信息,但不是题目要求的内容无中生有符合常识,但不是文章的内容曲解文意与原文的内容极其相似,只是在某个细节处有些变动颠倒是非在意思上与原文大相径庭,甚至完全相反正误参半部分正确,部分错误题型一“关键词定位法”直接信息题在解答直接信息题时,可以采取“关键词定位法”,即“带着问题找答案”的方法,通过定位找题眼【典例】(2022·全国乙卷)Admission£4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.22.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A.£4.B.£8.C.£12.D.£16.[解析]本题是直接信息题。根据Admission部分的“£4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.”可知,入场费为4英镑,由成人陪同的12岁以下的儿童免费入场。由此可知,一对夫妇带着两个12岁以下的孩子入场时,总共要付8英镑的入场费。故选B。[答案]B技法点拨:题型二同义转换间接信息题为了更好地考查学生的语言知识和思维品质,命题人往往会对具体细节信息加以掩饰,这就需要学生综合多处信息进行理解。常见的考查方式有以下3种形式换词类使用同义词或近义词(甚至反义词)对关键词进行同义转换,例如用ask对文中的require进行同义转换,用lessdifferent对文中的moreincommon进行同义转换等资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】[典例](2021·全国乙卷)Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction(干扰)inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That'swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet-soIcanfocus.”Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout(布局).ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.32.Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?A.Ithelpshimconcentrate.B.Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.C.Ithasapleasantatmosphere.D.Itencouragesfacetofaceinteractions.[解析]本题问的是为什么采访者倾向于选择共享办公区域,根据题干中的coworkingspace可定位至本段第二句中的“That'swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus”,对比选项可知答案。本题中命题人将原文中的focus替换成了近义词concentrate。[答案]A题型三计算类此类试题要求对具体细节信息(尤其是时间、数量等数字信息)进行加工,但此类试题重点不在于计算,而在于考查对具体细节信息的处理能力,因此试题涉及的计算相对简单[典例](2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作业)duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/InClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortinclasswritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.22.Howmanypartsisastudent'sfinalgrademadeupof?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.[解析]本题是计算题,询问“一名学生的最终成绩由几部分组成”。根据本部分的标题“Essays(60%)”,“GroupAssignments(30%)”和“DailyWork/InClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)”可知,成绩由论文、小组作业和日常工作/课堂写作和测试/小组工作/家庭作业三部分组成。[答案]B题型四概括类为了增加细节理解题的难度,命题人有时候会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题,即一道试题中涉及一段或者几段的某些内容,需要进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。此类试题虽然各个细节信息都能在文章中找到,但需要具备一定的概括和归纳能力才能正确作答[典例](2021·全国乙卷)Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.·Rungrado1stofMayStadium,Pyongyang,D.P.R.Korea.Capacity:150,000.Opened:May1,1989.·MichiganStadium,AnnArbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,601.Opened:October1,1927.·BeaverStadium,StateCollege,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572.Opened:September17,1960.·OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.Opened:October7,1922.·KyleField,CollegeStation,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened:September24,1927.22.Ofthefollowingstadiums,whichistheoldest?A.MichiganStadium.B.BeaverStadium.C.OhioStadium.D.KyleField.[解析]本题考查细节概括能力。题干问的是哪个体育场最古老,应定位至文章最后一部分对各个体育场的介绍。根据该部分内容可知,四个选项中的体育场分别于1927年、1960年、1922年、1927年开放。资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】[答案]C1.(2022·福州高中毕业班质检)Withtheattractivesceneryandthepossibilityofasightingofamonster(怪物),LochNessistheoneofthoseraredestinationsthatengageseveryone.UrquhartCastleCapturedbyEdwardⅠin1296,thisprizedcastlechangedhandsbetweentheScotsandtheEnglishonseveraloccasions.Thoughruinedtoday,it'sstillpossibletoclimbtheGrantTowerandvisitthebattlementsandprisoncells.Acaféandthevisitorcentreoffermodernfacilitiesinhistoricsurroundings.TheLochNessCentreForthosewhowishtodigestthecompletehistoryofLochNess,thiscentreisparticularlygoodatdocumentingthehistoryofthismysteriousstretchofwater,includingmanyattemptstosearchforNessie,theinfamousmonster.Italsoholdscuriousartifacts(手工艺品)suchasthedivingsuitwornbyLloydScottwhenheundertookhisunderwatermarathon.TheClansmanCentreAtthesouthendofLochNess,thisattractionuncoversthetruthsurrounding18thcenturyfamilylife.AudiencemembersgettheopportunitytoputonHighlanddressandthere'sademonstrationofhowweaponswereused.ThepresentationstakeplacewithintherecreatedinteriorofaHighlandhouse,addingatmosphereandauthenticity(真实性).SouthLochNessTrailThisrouteinviteshikersalongthequietersouthsideofLochNess,passingthroughthreevillages,andtakingintheFallsofFoyers.Walkershikeamixofminorroadsandforesttracks,withhighlightsincludingSuidhe