资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结(新高考通用)第18讲七选五(精讲精练)题型目录一览原词重复信息代词重复信息派生词重复信息同义重复信息反义重复信息思维导图一、知识点梳理资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】位置解题法句子在段中的位置不同,所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式,正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用,来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。段首、段中、段尾题在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表:挖空位置逻辑关系具体解读段首题主旨句常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】承上启下句此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。段中题例证关系前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性,思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有:forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等。转折关系若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转,则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有:but,however,yet,while/though/although,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless(然而),still,incontrast/comparison,bycomparison等。因果关系表示因果关系的标志词语有:so,therefore,thus,consequently(结果),asaresult(of),so/such...that...,sothat...等。递进关系若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系,则空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有:too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,likewise,similarly,what'smore,what'sworse,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...but...,notonly...butalso等。并列关系表示并列关系的标志词语有:and,first(ly),second(ly);first,then/next;tobeginwith,some...others...;foronething,foranotherthing;then/next,finally/last等。段尾题总结句用于总结本段内容,常含有总结性的词语。承上启下句此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。例子1…●__40__Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.Whowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeatingjunkfood?Youwillwanttocontinuetofocusonpositivechoices.…A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup![分析]设空处位于段首,应是该段落的小标题。该段的主要内容是“如果晨练,你就资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】更有可能会坚持一整天吃健康的食物”,故该段的主旨是“坚持健康饮食”;再结合本段中的“healthyfood”“junkfood”与A项中的diet相关,故选A。例子2…●Yourmetabolism(新陈代谢)getsaheadstart.__38__Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.…A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup![分析]设空处位于段中,属于段中题。这一段说的是晨练有助于人体的新陈代谢,能让你一整天都感受到晨练消耗卡路里带来的好处。F项“晨练之后你还会在一天时间里继续消耗卡路里”中的关键词“throughouttheday”与文中的“thewholeday”呼应。故选F。例子3…Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.__40__.A.WhileallofthemareusefulB.Whateveryou'relookingforC.Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolorD.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithE.It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways[分析]该空位于段尾,应属于总结句。根据空前的“thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant”可知,大型物品的颜色选择所需要的时间、精力、费用很大,这恰与F项构成因果关系。题型一原词重复信息资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】原词复现是指一个句子中的关键词(常为动词、名词、形容词)会反复出现在文中的其他句子中。这些词会以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。如:“looks”与“looking”“looked”;“go”与“going”“went”等。根据语言习惯,第一句的宾语往往是第二句的主语,或者前后句有相同、重叠的词语。因此,要学会寻找空格前后句句中的相同关键词。【典例】Invite5—10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.37.Lesspeoplethanthat,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.__38__.Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir“new”clotheshome.A.LesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.IftwopeoplearecompetingD.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition解析:本题考查原词复现。本段空白后“Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir‘new’clotheshome.”讲他们还应准备大量的可回收的袋子,来把“新”衣服带回家。其中的“clothes”原词复现是解题提示,同时“new”表明衣服应该是好的,对应G选项中的“clean”“ingoodcondition”。题型二代词重复信息为了避免与上文提到的名词重复,用不同的代词指代上文提到的人、事物或事件。如:it指代单数名词、不可数名词、句子;they指代复数名词;ones泛指复数名词。还有反身代词、指示代词、关系代词等。【典例】Researchershaveagoodwaytodealwiththisproblem.Makeallcustomersstandinonelong,snakingline—calledaserpentineline—andserveeachpersonatthefrontwiththenextavailableregister.__34__Thisiswhattheydoatmostbanksandfast-foodrestaurants.Withaserpentineline,alongdelayatoneregisterwon'tunfairlypunishthepeoplewholinedupbehindit.Instead,itwillslowdowneveryonealittlebitbutspeedupcheckoutoverall.A.Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?B.Sowhydon'tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?C.Someofthemmayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.D.Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】E.Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?F.Withthreeregisters,thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.G.Butsometimes,asonaSundayafternoon,thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.解析:本题考查上下文衔接。前一段提到如果商店中排起了三个结账的队伍,那么结账时延误情况的出现是随机的。本段提到研究人员为解决这一问题,想出了一个好办法:让所有人排成一队,排在最前面的人到可用的收银机处结账。F项能很好地承接上文,同时F项中的thismethod是空后This的指代对象,代词重复是一个很好的解题信号。题型三派生词重复信息派生词重复信息是指文中选项位置的前后两句中出现意义相关的派生词,因表达的需要而重复出现一到两次,重复出现的过程中,上下文存在着逻辑关系,起着前后衔接作用,这有利于做题时