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资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结（新高考通用）第19讲完形填空记叙文(15空)（精讲精练）题型目录一览原词复现同根词复习近义词复现反义词复现完形填空考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况。要求考生通读全文，掌握文章大意，运用词汇、语法等知识，选择最佳答案，使文章意思通顺，结构完整。记叙型完形填空是高考和备考的重点。解题技巧1.读透首句，掌握主旨重视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句首对学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文章内在联系的＂突破口＂。2.跳空速读全文，掌握中心速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素，如：时间、地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。3.身临其境，故事重构采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，体会人物的心情，推理故事的发展，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。4.关注末段，注意感想最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。5.浏览全文，复查核定一、知识点梳理资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点是：（1）语意是否前后一致；（2）上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；（3）所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构；（4）文化背景和生活常识是否合理。（5）小心常用词汇熟词生义完形填空中涉及的逻辑关系主要有以下几种：转折关系：but,however,though,whereas,nevertheless,anyway等因果关系：so,therefore,thus,because,for,since,as等让步关系：though,although,while,as,despite,inspiteof等顺序关系：before,after,first,second,inaddition,then,next,finally等条件关系：if,unless,once,providedthat等解释关系：thatistosay,inotherwords等并列关系：and,while等题型一原词复现——在上下文中同一词汇重复出现【典例】Ihatelyingtothekids.Onedaythey’llwakeupanddiscoverthateverythingthey’vealwaysknownaboutwindowsisa48.Iwonderif49.parentsshouldalwaystellthetruthnomatterthe50.consequences.Ihaveaverystrong51.fearthattheliewe’retellingisdoing...48.A.dreamB.lieC.fantasyD.fact【答案】B【解析】根据本段第一句中的lying以及下一段第二句中的thelie可知，此处应填lie(谎言)。题型二同根词复现——词形变化的词汇复现【典例】Alocalfarmertoldthemthedogsoundedlikeone50aslostinthelocalpaper.Theadhada51.phonenumberforatowninsouthernMichigan.Ehlers52.calledthenumberofJeffandLisatotellthemhehad53.foundtheirdog.50.A.predictedB.advertisedC.believedD.recorded【答案】B【解析】由下一句中的ad可知，此处应选B。advertise登广告。资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】题型三同/近义词复现——意思相同、相近的表达方式，或者解释性的词汇复现【典例】Itwassigned(签名)“Bonnato”orsohethought，butwhenhe51.researchedit，heonlyfound“Bonnard，”aFrench52hehadneverheardof.Heboughtabookandwas53.surprisedtofindapictureoftheartistPierreBonnardsittingonthesamechairinthesame54.gardenashisfather’spainting.52.A.painterB.designerC.authorD.actor【答案】A【解析】由上文中的Bonnard以及下文中的“findapictureoftheartistPierreBonnardsittingonthesamechair”可知，此处表示一位法国画家(painter)。artist与painter是近义词。designer设计师；author作家；actor演员。题型四反义词复现——意思相反或对比性解释的词汇复现【典例】(2019·全国Ⅱ)Ehlerseventuallysucceededincoaxingtheanimaltohim.Nervousnessandfearwerereplacedwith49.Itjuststartedlicking(舔)Ehlers’face.49.A.surpriseB.joyC.hesitationD.anxiety【答案】B【解析】根据空后内容可知，此处指小狗的紧张和害怕被高兴(joy)所取代了。题型五并列和递进关系并列和递进关系常用的标志词和短语有：and，or，neither...nor...，notonly...but(also)...，similarly等。【典例】Thestudentswhohe’s15.drivenhavegoneontobecomephysicians，teachersandengineers，butwhatthey’vealsogotoutoftheirtimeinschoolisfindingarolemodelandafriendinWilson.Somestudents16callhim“Grandpa”.16.A.evenB.everC.onceD.already【答案】A【解析】根据语境，此处表示这些大学生视威尔逊为楷模和朋友，甚至(even)亲切地叫他“爷爷”。【题型训练】（2023·宁夏银川·银川一中校联考二模）Onatypicalday,offthecoastofasmallBrazilianisland,JoaoPereiradeSouzawasheadedoutfishing.Hewas1tofindthatanoilspillhadpollutedthewaters.He2itwasnotagooddaytofish.Butwalkingalongthe资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】beach,hefoundastrugglingpenguin,coveredwithoil.Pereiratookthepenguinhome,gently3itandspentthenextweeknursingitbackto4.HenameditDindim.DindimactuallylivedintheseasofSouthAmerica.Inordertobreed(繁殖),itmustreturntoPatagonia,8,000kilometersfromPereira’s5.PereiratookDindimbacktotheoceanandpatiently6ittoswim.Soonenough,itwastimeforDindimtoreturntothelifeinthe7.PereirawatchedDindimswimaway,8itwouldbethelasttimehesawDindim.ButthenextJune,Dindimreturned.Thetwosharedatenderbeak-to-nose9,andDindimstayedinthefisherman’shouseforamonth.Thetimeto10arrived,andPereirathoughtthis11wouldbethelasttimehewouldseeDindim.But11monthslater,thepenguinwithalong12returnedagain.Itisacommon13amongscientiststhatanimalshaveshortmemories.Soacoupleofthemputa(n)14devicethatcouldtrackDindimtoseeifitwasindeedthe15penguinthatreturnedyearafteryear.Totheir16,Dindimreturned,yearafteryear,formorethanadecade.Loveandnurture(养育)createa(n)17sodeepthatwecan’talwaysexplainit.It’sjustsomethingwefeel,somethingwelongto18.Andwhenwedo,itlastsmuchlongerthanweever19.PereiraandDindimshareabondthat20humanlifeandthenaturalworld.1．A．confusedB．excitedC．ashamedD．disappointed2．A．insistedB．decidedC．wishedD．forgot3．A．releasedB．coveredC．cleanedD．kept4．A．safetyB．healthC．lifeD．end5．A．homeB．baseC．labD．island6．A．promisedB．persuadedC．orderedD．taught7．A．cageB．skyC．wildD．field8．A．claimingB．believingC．admittingD．proving9．A．greetingB．fightingC．actingD．talking10．A．forgiveB．regretC．leaveD．thank11．A．temporarilyB．abruptlyC．graduallyD．surely12．A．journeyB．memoryC．vocationD．preparation13．A．beliefB．explanationC．storyD．secret14．A．awardB．differentC．advancedD．simple15．A．competentB．messyC．newD．same16．A．delightB．surpriseC．reliefD．pity资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】17．A．relationshipB．impressionC．argumentD．theory18．A．sacrificeB．ignoreC．provideD．explore19．A．indicatedB．restoredC．requiredD．expected20．A．connectsB．comparesC．coversD．impresses【答案】1．D2．B3．C4．B5．A6．D7．C8．B9．A10．C11．D12．B13．A14．C15．D16．B17．A18．C19．D20．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是一名渔夫佩雷拉在海边打鱼回家的路上，遇到了受伤的企鹅Di