2024年高考英语一轮复习(新人教版) 第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natur

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Ⅰ.认阅读单词1.tornadon.(pl.-oesor-os)龙卷风;旋风2.droughtn.旱灾;久旱3.landsliden.(landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌;滑坡4.tsunamin.海啸5.volcaniceruption火山喷发6.magnituden.(地)震级;重大7.evacuatevt.疏散;撤出vi.撤离8.helicoptern.直升机9.crackn.裂纹;裂缝vi.&vt.(使)破裂10.brickn.砖;砖块11.metaln.金属12.revivevt.&vi.复活;(使)苏醒13.revivaln.振兴;复苏14.unifyvi.&vt.统一;(使)成一体15.volcanon.(pl.-oesor-os)火山16.eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出17.typhoonn.台风18.hurricanen.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风19.whistlevi.吹口哨;发出笛声vt.吹口哨n.哨子(声);呼啸声20.kitn.成套工具;成套设备21.firstaidkit急救箱Ⅱ.记重点单词1.disastern.灾难;灾害2.slidevi.&vt.(slid,slid)(使)滑行;滑动3.floodn.洪水;大量vi.淹没;大量涌入vt.使灌满水;淹没4.rescuen.&vt.营救;救援5.damagevt.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失6.destroyvt.摧毁;毁灭7.sheltern.避难处;居所;庇护vt.保护;掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)8.ruinn.&vt.破坏;毁坏9.percentn.百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中10.trapvt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱11.buryvt.埋葬;安葬12.effortn.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力13.contextn.上下文;语境;背景14.supplyn.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品vt.供应;供给15.tapvi.&vt.轻叩;轻敲;轻拍n.水龙头;轻叩;轻敲16.pipen.管子;管道17.calmadj.镇静的;沉着的vt.使平静;使镇静18.aidn.援助;帮助;救援物资vi.&vt.(formal)帮助;援助19.crashvt.&vi.碰撞;撞击n.撞车;碰撞20.sweepvt.&vi.(swept,swept)打扫;清扫21.waven.海浪;波浪vi.&vt.挥手;招手22.strikevi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭;突击;击打n.罢工;罢课;袭击Ⅲ.知拓展单词1.deathn.死;死亡→deadadj.死的→deadlyadj.致命的→diev.死亡2.affectvt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动→effectn.效果;结果;影响→effectiveadj.有效的3.shockn.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克vt.(使)震惊→shockingadj.令人震惊的→shockedadj.感到震惊的4.electricityn.电;电能→electricadj.电的;用电的→electronicadj.电子的5.breathevi.&vt.呼吸→breathn.呼吸→breathlessadj.气喘吁吁的6.wisdomn.智慧;才智→wiseadj.明智的→unwiseadj.不明智的7.suffervt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→sufferingn.受难;苦楚→sufferern.受苦者;受难者8.survivevi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艰难度过→survivaln.幸存;生还→survivorn.幸存者;生还者9.powern.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力→powerfuladj.强大的;强壮的→powerlessadj.无力的10.emergencyn.突发事件;紧急情况→emergentadj.紧急的→emergevi.浮现;出现11.delivervt.&vi.递送;传达vt.发表→deliveryn.投递;送交12.summaryn.总结;概括;概要→summariz(s)evt.&vi.总结;概括13.lengthn.长;长度→longadj.长的→lengthenv.(使)变长1.ambulancen.救护车2.ancientadj.古代的3.anniversaryn.周年纪念日4.annualadj.每年的5.antiquen.古董,古玩6.apartmentn.公寓7.apparentadj.表面上的;明显的Ⅳ.背核心短语1.asif似乎;好像;仿佛2.inruins严重受损;破败不堪3.inshock震惊;吃惊4.intheopenair露天;在户外5.onhand现有(尤指帮助)6.sweepaway消灭;彻底消除7.refusetodosth拒绝做某事8.thenumberof...……的数量9.asusual像往常一样10.cometoanend告终;结束Ⅴ.悟经典句式1.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat,anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.(too...to...)鸡甚至猪都太紧张而不能吃东西,狗也不愿意进屋里去。2.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!(asif引导的虚拟语气)仿佛世界末日即将来临!3.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.(主语+be+adj.+todo)很难得到水、食物和电。4.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.(thosewho...)地震发生后不久,部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废墟中挖出,并掩埋死者。5.Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday,killingmorethan6,500peopleinIndonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,andatleastfourothercountries.(现在分词短语作结果状语)过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸,造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6,500多人死亡。6.Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.(bedoing...when...正在做……突然……)我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭,突然海水开始灌到我家。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文,然后核对答案并背诵该短文。death,suffer,breathe,deliver,damage,strike,bury,shockDisasterssuchastornadoes,droughts,floods,landslides,volcaniceruptions,typhoons,hurricanesandearthquakeshavecomeoneafteranother,causinggreat1.damagetomanycountries.Insummary,theearthquakehastheworsteffects.The1976Tangshanearthquakecausedmorethan240,0002.deaths.90percentofhomeslayinruinsandpeople3.sufferedalot.Food,waterandelectricitywerehardtoget.Everywherethe4.shockedsurvivorssawdestroyedbricks,deepcracksinvillagewellsanduselessmetalsasiftheworldwereatanend.Rescueteamswhowereinshockdugoutthetrapped,5.buriedthedead,andbuiltsheltersintheopenair.Withunifiedeffortsandwisdomofallpeople,thecityreviveditselfandbeganto6.breatheagain.Earthquakesundertheseacanalsocausetsunamis.Thetsunamithat7.struckAsiain2004crashedintocoastlines.Hugewavessweptawaymanypeople.Foreigncountriesaidedtheseareasby8.deliveringfoodandsuppliesbyhelicopters.(Tipsforemergencywhichaffectspeoplegreatly:※Keepcalm※Taponapipeorwhistleforhelp※Stayawayfrompowerlines※Surviveonwhatyouhaveonhand※Keepfirstaidkitsathome)提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇affectv.影响;感动;(疾病)侵袭;使感染(effectn.影响;结果;效果effectiveadj.有效的)•beaffectedby受……的影响;被……感动beaffectedwith感染……疾病•haveaneffect/influenceon/upon对……产生影响(1)Wemusttakeeffective(effect)measurestopreventnaturaldisastersinadvance.(2)得知你由于感染了重病而回爱尔兰,我非常抱歉。(2020·浙江7月,应用文写作)LearningthatyouhavereturnedtoIrelandbecauseyouareaffectedwithaserious/severeillness,Iamterriblysorryaboutit.(3)总的来说,英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ,应用文写作)Insummary,theEnglishnewspaperYouthaffectsmegreatly/hasagreateffectonme.Iamoftendeeplyaffectedbycountlessmovingstoriesinthenewspaper.shockvt.(使)震惊n.休克;震惊;令人震惊的事(shockedadj.感到震惊的shockingadj.令人震惊的)•beashockto...对……而言是一件震惊的事inshock吃惊地,震惊地•beshockedatsth/that...对……感到震惊beshockedtodosth因做某事而感到震惊(1)Lookingatthehousewhichlayinruinsinshock,hecalled911immediatelytorescuetheinjuredpeoplewhoweretrapped.(2)Allofuswereshockedattheshockingnewsthatmanydeathshadbeencausedbythemountainfire.(shock)(3)Iwasshockedtohear(hear)thenewsthathiscargotcrashedtheotherdayseriously.Thenewswasashocktous.(4)Thebeartore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