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Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．Confuciusn．孔子2．mansionn．公馆；宅第3．cemeteryn．墓地；公墓4．philosophyn．哲学5．descendantn．后裔；后代；子孙6．heeln．足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟7．Achilles’heel(喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点8．kingdomn．王国；领域9．currencyn．通货；货币10．militaryadj.军事的；军用的11．landscapen．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景12．ancestorn．祖宗；祖先13．courtyardn．庭院；院子14．countyn．(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县15．feastn．盛宴；宴会；节日16．cattlen．牛17．scentn．气味；气息18．stewn．炖菜(有肉和蔬菜)vt.&vi.炖；煨19．sensoryadj.感觉的；感官的20．transitionn．过渡；转变；变迁Ⅱ.记重点单词1．individualadj.单独的；个别的n．个人2．chiefadj.最重要的；最高级别的n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长3．nearbyadj.附近的；邻近的adv.在附近4．conquervt.占领；征服；控制5．battlen．战役；搏斗vi.&vt.搏斗；奋斗6．portn．港口(城市)7．chargen．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电8．amountn．金额；数量9．galleryn．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊10．approachn．方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近11．ensurevt.保证；确保；担保12．buttern．黄油；奶油vt.涂黄油于13．honeyn．蜂蜜14．positionn．位置；姿态；职位15．snackn．点心；小吃16．rollvi.&vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动n．卷(轴)；翻滚17．dotn．点；小(圆)点vt.加点；遍布18．roarvi.&n．吼叫；咆哮19．oceann．大海；海洋20．pubn．酒吧；酒馆21．winen．葡萄酒；果酒22．beern．(一杯)啤酒Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．puzzlen．谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzlingadj.令人困惑的→puzzledadj.感到困惑的2．belongvi.应在(某处)；适应→belongingn．[U]归属；[pl.]所有物，财产3．defencen．防御；保卫→defendv．防御；保卫→defensiveadj.防御的；保护的4．legaladj.法律的；合法的→illegaladj.不合法的→legallyadv.法律上地5．surroundvt.围绕；包围→surroundingadj.周围的；附近的→surroundingsn．环境6．evidencen．证据；证明→evidentadj.明显的7．achievementn．成就；成绩；达到→achievevt.达到；实现8．locationn．地方；地点；位置→locatevt.确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置→locatedadj.坐落于；位于9．fascinatingadj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinatev．使……入迷，迷住→fascinatedadj.着迷的10．announcevt.宣布；通知；声称→announcementn．宣布；通知→announcern．广播员；解说员11．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosityn．慷慨；大方12．eageradj.热切的；渴望的→eagerlyadv.热心地；急切地→eagernessn．热切；渴望13．poetn．诗人→poemn．诗歌→poetryn．诗歌(总称)14．greetvt.问候；迎接→greetingn．问候；致意15．customn．风俗；习俗；习惯→customern．顾客→customsn．海关16．strikingadj.引人注目的；显著的→strikevt.打击；攻击；打动n．罢工17．crowdn．人群；一群人；民众vt.挤满；使……拥挤→crowdedadj.拥挤的1．carpentern．木匠2．casualadj.随意的；不定期的3．cautiousadj.谨慎的；小心的4．cellarn．地窖，地下室5．certificationn．证明，鉴定6．challengingadj.具有挑战性的7．changeableadj.易变的；变化无常的8．characterisevt.是……的特征，以……为典型Ⅳ.背核心短语1．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来2．breakaway(fromsb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱3．belongto属于4．aswellas同(一样也)；和；还5．keepyoureyesopen(for)留心；留意6．add...to...把……添加到……中7．referto谈到；查阅；指的是8．takeover接收；接管9．leavebehind把……抛在后面；留下；遗留10．haveagreatinfluenceon对……有极大影响Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．TheUnitedKingdom，GreatBritain，Britain，England—manypeopleareconfusedbywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.(what引导的宾语从句)联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。2．Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem，ifany？(if的省略结构)如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？3．Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(过去分词短语作后置定语)像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。4．TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland，andmadechangestothelegalsystem.(havesthdone)他们在英格兰各地建造城堡，并对法律体系进行改革。5．Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.(if引导的条件状语从句)如果留心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你的面前，令你叹为观止。6．Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.(with的复合结构)“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。7．Withallthisbeauty，itisnotsurprisingthatIrelandhasdevelopedstrongtraditionsthatincludemusic，dancing，anddining.(Itis＋adj.＋that...)乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓厚的传统包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。charge，belongto，eager，greet，join...to...，surroundWhenstudyingintheUnitedKingdom，IwasnolongerpuzzledaboutwhenEnglandgotWales，ScotlandandIreland1.joinedtoitorwhenthesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromit.Thefourcountries2.belongingtotheUKusethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence，buttheyhavedifferentlegalsystems.IsawmuchevidencethatshowedtheRomans，theVikingsaswellastheNormansinvadedandconqueredtheGreatBritain，leavingtheirso-calledachievementsandinfluencingthenamesoflocationsandvocabulary.Thereweremanyfascinatingplaces，soIhadtokeepmyeyesopen.LaterItraveledtoIrelandwhereIfoundmyselffascinatedbythelandscape.ItwasafeastformyeyesasifIwereapproachingagalleryinwhichIwas3.surroundedwithbeautifulpictures.EverydayIwas4.greetedwiththerollingmountainsdottedwithsheepandcattle，theroaroftheoceanandthescentofflowers.Ioftenhadasipofwineorbeerinnearbypubswhich5.chargedasmallamountofmoneyfortheirservice.OnceItalkedabouttheircustomswithacrowdofIrishpeoplewhowereinterestedinourConfuciusphilosophy，poemscreatedbypoetsintheTangDynastyandourancestors’chiefachievements.Theyweregenerousandsharedwithmeasnackcookedwithbutterandhoneyandamouth-wateringstew.ThejourneywassostrikingthatI’m6.eagertogothereagain.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇surroundvt.包围；围绕(surroundingadj.周围的；附近的surroundingsn．环境)surround...with...用……包围……besurroundedby/with被……包围(1)Thesurrounding(surround)fascinatinglandscapenearlytookmybreathaway.(2)您可以给我一些关于如何适应陌生环境的有益的建议吗？(应用文写作之求助信)Wouldyoupleaseoffermesomebeneficialadviceonhowtoadapttotheunfamiliarsurroundings?(3)绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河曲曲折折穿行其中。(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)Surroundedby/withgreentrees，thefarmislocatedatthefootofthehillnearourschool.Thereisasmallriverflowingthroughthefarm.chargevt.收费；控告；充电；(向……)冲n．收费；指控；主管•chargesbwith(doing)sth＝accusesbof(doing)sth指控某人犯……罪chargesbmoneyforsth因某事/物收某人钱chargeat向……发起冲锋，扑向•freeofcharge＝forfree免费inchargeof掌管(表状