第1讲冠词MyfriendLindaisanhonestgirl①studyinginauniversity①.Weareofanage②,andwebothdrinkacupofmilk③aday④.Sowethinkacow⑤isveryuseful.[规则感悟]不定冠词的用法①表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人、某物时通常用不定冠词;在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a,在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。②表示“同一,相同”。③表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强烈。④表示“每一”,相当于per/each/every。⑤表示“一类”事物。1.不定冠词a/an用在序数词前,表示“再一,又一”。Hemissesthegoldmedalinthehighjump,buthewillgetasecondchanceinthelongjump.他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌,但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。2.不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”,相当于some/acertain。AMrWhitewithsomebigbagsiswaitingtoseeyouattheschoolgate.一位拿着几个大袋子的怀特先生正在学校门口等着见你。3.不定冠词与物质名词或抽象名词连用。抽象名词和物质名词在表示“概念”时,其前常用零冠词;但在表示具体的人或事物时变成了可数名词,需要与不定冠词连用,表示“一个、一种、一场、一阵”等。具有此用法的名词有物质名词——rain,snow,fog,wind,drink,coffee,beer,fire,paper等;抽象名词——success,failure,surprise,pleasure,beauty,wonder,comfort,danger,shock等。Afterwepreparedalltheequipmentforanoutdoorphotography,suddenlyaheavyraincame.我们为户外摄影准备好所有设备后,突然下起了大雨。Tonyisafamouspianist.I’mabsolutelycertainthathisconcertthisSundaywillbeasuccess.托尼是一位著名的钢琴家。我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定会成功。4.有些不可数名词如knowledge,collection,understanding等后面加of时,前面需要用不定冠词。如:haveaknowledgeof...“了解……”;haveagoodunderstandingof...“对……有很好的了解”。Onlybyreadingthelatestissueofthismagazinecanyouhaveaknowledgeoftheastronauts’lifeinspace.只有读了这本杂志的最新一期,你才能了解宇航员在太空的生活。5.“a+most+形容词”表示“很……,非常……”,most在此不表示最高级含义,相当于very,而“the+most+多音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式,表示“最……”。Foragreatmanymenandwomen,romancecanbeamostimportantpartofmarriage.对许多男人和女人来说,爱情是婚姻中非常重要的一部分。ItisoneofthemostoriginalworksofimaginationintheEnglishlanguage.它是英语中最具原创性的想象作品之一。6.不定冠词常见的固定搭配。haveagiftfor有……的天赋getalift/ride搭便车payavisitto参观lendsbahand帮助某人asaresult因此atadistance离一段距离awasteof……的浪费be/goonadiet节食makealiving谋生asamatteroffact事实上inasense/way在某种意义上allofasudden突然对点练习1.InChineseculture,eachyearisrelatedtoaChineseanimalaccordingtothe12-yearcycle.2.Henotonlyisthebeststudentinourclass,butalsohasanexcellentsenseofhumour.3.HesmiledbackasiftogivemeareceiptandIwouldpreservehissmileforalongtime.4.Onethingwecandotohelpsolvethisproblemiswalkoruseabicyclewhenpossible.MrSmithisateacherfromtheUnitedStates①.Hewasthefirst②foreignteacherIhadmet.Inthe1990s③,heandhiswifeweretravelingalongtheYangtzeRiver④whenashipwaswrecked.TheSmiths⑤cameuptohelptheinjured⑥andsavedaboybycatchinghimbythearm⑦.Theboy’sparentssaidtheywerethekindest⑧peopleintheworld⑨.Theywouldrememberthecouple⑩forever.[规则感悟]定冠词的用法①用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前。②用于序数词之前。③用在朝代、世纪前或用在逢十的年代前,后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。④用于江、河、湖、海、山、岛前。⑤用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前,表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩”。⑥用在形容词或分词前,表示某一类人或物。⑦摸/打/抓(等表动作的词)+sb+介词+the+身体部位。⑧用于形容词或副词的最高级前。⑨用在世界上独一无二的事物前。⑩特指上文已经提到过的人或事物。1.被演奏的西洋乐器前用the,但是球类、棋类之前却没有冠词。AsfarasIknow,helikesplayingthepianobutdoesn’tlikeplayingfootball.据我所知,他喜欢弹钢琴却不喜欢踢足球。2.用在表计量的名词前,如bythehour,bytheday,bythedozen,bythemeter等。但是如果是在抽象名词前,则不用冠词,如:byweight,bytime,bylength,bysize等。Igotpaidbytime.Tobeexact,Igotpaidbythehour.我按时间拿报酬,确切地说,我是按小时拿钱。3.定冠词的常见固定搭配:atthemoment此刻;目前intheend最后,最终totellthetruth说实话ontheotherhand另一方面bytheway顺便说一下inthemiddleof在……中间atthesametime同时onthecontrary相反onthewhole总的来说inthedistance在远处tothepoint中肯;切题makethemost/bestof充分利用对点练习1.Shestayedupuntileleventhirtyoneeveningonpurposejusttoseethemoonlight.2.RobertBruce,leaderoftheScotsinthe13thcentury,washidinginacavefromtheEnglishthen.3.SmokingisoneofthebiggestcausesofpreventabledeathsinEngland.4.TheGreensareahappycouple;theyhavebeenmarriedfor30years.5.Theinjuredhavebeensenttohospitalwheretheywillbetreated.Whenlearningthatteachers①arebadlyneededinremotedistricts①,Lilyvolunteeredtoteachinaremoteplace.Localpeoplehavemadeherheadmaster②oftheschoolsinceherarrivalandsheteachesChinese③,maths③,andEnglish③herselffromspringtowinter④andfromMondaytoSunday④.Onweekends,sheteachesherstudents⑤toplayvolleyballandchess⑥.Whenshefindsmanychildrenattendingschoolwithouthavinglunch⑦,sheraisesmoney①forthechildren’smeals.[规则感悟]常用零冠词的几种情况①表泛指的可数名词复数或不可数名词前。②表示独一无二的头衔和职位的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。③表示语言、学科的名词前不用冠词。④季节、月份、日期、星期、节假日前不用冠词。⑤名词前已有this,that,my,her,some,each等限定词时不再用冠词。⑥表示球类运动、棋类游戏的名词前不用冠词。⑦一日三餐前一般不加冠词。1.用于固定结构中的零冠词。“零冠词+单数名词+as/though+主语+谓语,主句”,意为“虽然……但是……”。Youngmanasheis,hehasseenmuchoftheworld.尽管他很年轻,但他阅历很丰富。2.no与such连用时放在such之前,而such后的名词前不用冠词。Asthesayinggoes,thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch.Ifyouwantsomething,goandearnit.俗话说,天下没有免费的午餐。如果你想要什么,就得去挣。3.零冠词的常见固定搭配。onpurpose故意地bychance碰巧catchfire着火atdawn在黎明facetoface面对面outofdate过时的makeroomfor给……让位indebt负债inshape状况良好onfoot步行indanger在危险中sidebyside肩并肩fromtimetotime不时地handinhand手拉手dayafterday日复一日地heartandsoul全心全意地1.Whileyou’reinChina,MountHuangshanisamusttovisit!(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)2.Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,sixarestable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.(2019·全国Ⅰ)