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第2讲代词I①amaseniorhighschoolstudentandI①wanttojoinour②schoolfootballteam，butthepersoninchargehasrejectedme③.Ihavetospendmy②sparetimepracticingfootballtoimprovemyself④.Look!Thefootballunderthebedismine⑤.Ithasbeenwornout.[规则感悟]①为人称代词的主格形式作主语。②为形容词性物主代词，放在名词之前作定语。③为人称代词的宾格形式作宾语。④为反身代词，可作宾语、表语或同位语。⑤为名词性物主代词，后面不加名词，可作主语、宾语或表语。(一)代词的形式类别主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselves第二人称youyouyouryoursyourselfyouyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves(二)反身代词的习惯用法与介词搭配byoneself独自地foroneself亲自；为自己ofoneself自动地inoneself本质上；本身与动词搭配applyoneselfto专心致志于behaveoneself举止得体；行为检点dressoneself打扮；自己穿衣devoteoneselfto致力于；献身于helponeselfto随便吃/用enjoyoneself玩得开心seatoneself就座；入席makeyourselfathome别客气teachoneself自学(三)it的用法1．指天气、时间、距离、环境等。Itisearlyspring，butitisalreadyveryhot.现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。Itistwentymilesfromheretothevillage.从这里到那个村庄有20英里路。2．代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词。Althoughhedoesn’tlikeit，Idecidetoseethemovieanyway.尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。3．指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)。Whatwillyoucallitifitisaboy?要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？4．用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：①It＋be＋adj./n.＋for/ofsb＋不定式ItisimportantforstudentstolearnEnglishwell.对学生来说学好英语是重要的。Itwasfoolishofhimtoleavethedooropenafterhelefttheoffice.他离开办公室之后没关门，真是糊涂了。②Itisnogood/use/uselessdoingsth.做某事是没有好处/用处的。Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.为打翻的牛奶而哭泣是没有用处的。(覆水难收。)③It＋be＋名词词组(apity/afact/nowonder...)/adj.＋that从句Itisapitythatyoucan’tgowithher.很遗憾你不能和她一起去。④It＋特殊动词(短语)(seem/appear/turnout/occurtosb...)＋that从句Itseemsthathehasmadeaseriousmistake.他似乎犯了一个严重的错误。⑤It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句Itisreportedthat20peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.据报道有20人死于这次地震。⑥Ittakessbtime/patience/effort/energytodosthIttookhimmuchenergytowritethenovel.写这部小说耗费了他大量的精力。(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...＋it＋adj./n.＋(for/ofsb)todosth/宾语从句IfinditeasytogetonwithJim.我发现同吉姆相处很容易。Hedidn’tmakeitclearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。(3)用于like，enjoy，hate，love，appreciate等表示“喜欢、憎恶”等情感的动词以及dependon/upon，seeto等动词短语后，再接when，if，that等引导的从句。I’dappreciateitifyoucouldattendourparty.如果您能参加我们的聚会，我将不胜感激。5．it的常用短语或句型。(1)WhenitcomestolearningEnglish，readingwidelyisofgreatimportance.当谈到学习英语，广泛阅读很重要。(2)Ican’thelpitifheisalwayscomplaining.若他总是抱怨，我也没办法。(3)Wefinallymadeittotheairportthoughitwasrainy.尽管下雨了，但是我们最终及时赶到了机场。(4)Assomeoneputsit，practicemakesperfect.正如某人所说，熟能生巧。(5)Itakeitthatyoudon’tagreewiththemanager.我想你不同意经理的意见。(6)Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.他参军已经三年了。(7)Itwasthreeyearsbeforehereturnedhome.过了三年他才回家。对点练习1．Helivesaveryregularlife，studyingeverydayandneverallowinghimself(he)tofallbehindinhisschoolwork.2．Whentoldthatitwasalosstohumans，thefarmersburstintolaughterandresponded，“Ourreallossisour(we)decreasingincome.”3．Whilemakingachoicefromvariouswaysofspendingourtime，weoughttoensuresomethingthatrestoresourlostenergyandcheersus(we)up.4．IhavemadeitclearthatIwillnotacceptthisjob.5．Givenhope，Iamconvincedthatabreakthroughcancomeatanyageifwehavefaithinourselvesandkeeplearningandworkingforit.6．Thereisaknockonthedoor.Itmightbethepostman.1．all/every/both/each/neither/noneThereare50studentsinmyclass.Thoughnotall①ofusarestudyingwell，weall①studyhard.Everystudent②hasadreamuniversity，thoughnoteverystudent②canbeadmittedtoafamousone.MydeskmateandIboth③likemusic，butbothofusdon’t③wanttoenteramusicacademy.Each④ofushaschosenourfuturecollege.Wehave14teachersinall，none⑤ofwhomtreatusbadly.However，mydeskmateandIareboth③fat，soneither⑥ofuslovePEclasses.[规则感悟]①all指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。作主语时，谓语动词通常依据所指为可数名词还是不可数名词而定；与not连用表示部分否定。②every强调(整体中的)每一个，只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”，与not连用构成部分否定。③both表示“两者(都)”。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；与not连用表示部分否定，意为“两者并不都……”。④each强调个体，可作代词和形容词，修饰单数可数名词，指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”，可以与of短语连用。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。⑤none表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”。后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。⑥neither表示“(两者)都不”。单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。2．anything/nothing/something/everything—Doyouhaveanything①tosayaboutyourexam?—No，Ihavenothing②tosayaboutit.—Ihopeyoucansharesomething③specialaboutyourschool.—IhavetoldyouthatIdon’thaveanything①tosayaboutit.Everything④hasgonewrong.[规则感悟]①anything表示“任何事物，一些事”时，用于否定句和疑问句中；表示“随便什么事物”，用于肯定句中。②nothing表示“什么也没有”，用于否定句中。③something表示“某事(物)”，一般用于肯定句中。④everything表示“一切”，强调全体，但谓语动词要用单数。3．theother，another，others与theothers—Excuseme.CanyouexchangethisT-shirtforanother①one?Someothers②sayitdoesn’tfitmewell.—Ofcourse.ThisT-shirtcomesintwosizes；youcantryontheother③one.—Don’tbother.TherearesomanyshopsandIwillgototheothers④.[规则感悟]①another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。②others表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some连用。③theother可单独使用，特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”。④特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”时用theothers。4．替代词that，those，one，ones，theone，theonesIfoundabeautifulcoatinashop，butitwasveryexpensive.Luckily，Ifoundone①lookingthesameonlineanditwasmuchcheaperthanthat②/theone③inthephysicalshop.However，whenIreceivedthecoat，Irealizedthoughtheones④soldonlineweremuchcheaper，theywerenotasgoodasthose⑤inphysicalshops.Iwouldratherspendmoremoneyonbetterones⑥ofhighquality.[规则感悟]①one替代上