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第3讲并列句和状语从句XiaoMingtookhiscellphonetoschooland①playedcellphoneinclass，so②hisheadteacherwasveryangry.HesaidtoXiaoMing，“Othersarestudyinghardwhile③youareplayinghard.Youeitherquitschoolorbreakthecellphone.④”XiaoMingdidn’twanttobreakhiscellphonebut⑤hecouldn’tquitschooleither.Hethoughttohimself，“Breakit，orIwillbedismissed.⑥”Ifhewasdismissed，notonlywouldhismothercrybutalsohisfatherwouldgivehimaspanking①.[规则感悟]①and，notonly...but(also)．..，both...and...，neither...nor...等表并列、顺承或递进关系。②for，so表因果关系。③while作为并列连词，强调两种情况的对比。④or，either...or...，not...but...等表选择关系。⑤but，yet，whereas等表转折关系。⑥and，or表条件或结果关系，常用于句型“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”中。上述所有连词在使用时，一定要注意连词所连接的成分都是同样的结构。如果连接单词则两边都是单词，如果连接句子则两边都是句子，如果连接短语则两边都是短语。不能出现一边是连接名词，另一边连接句子或动词短语等其他情况。如：NotonlycanithelpyouimproveyourEnglish，butalsocanhelpyoufindmorefriends.(×)NotonlycanithelpyouimproveyourEnglish，butalsoitcanhelpyoufindmorefriends.(√)1．notonly...butalso...连接的两个并列分句，可使用部分倒装，但只倒装notonly引导的分句。Notonlydoesshetreatuswithconsiderationbutalsosheteachesinahumorousway.她不但对我们体贴，而且还用一种幽默的方式教学。2．使用“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”结构时，一定要注意连词的使用，不能遗漏。Walkstraightdowntheroadforabout300meters，andyouwillseethehotelontheright.沿着这条路直走大约三百米，你会发现那个旅馆就在你右手边。3．when构成的句型。when引导并列句，意为“这时，那时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚要发生或刚刚完成时，突然发生另一件事。(1)sbbedoingsthwhen...某人正在做某事，这时……(2)sbbeabouttodosthwhen...＝sbbeonthepointofdoingsthwhen...某人正要做某事，这时……(3)sbhadjustdonesthwhen...某人刚做完某事，这时……LastMonday，IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsuddenlysawanoldmanfalloffhisbicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，这时我突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。Wewereabouttosetoffwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.＝Wewereonthepointofsettingoffwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.我们正打算动身，这时突然下起雨来了。Hehadjustfinishedwritingareportwhenthebosslethimtypealetter.他刚写完一篇报告，老板就让他打印一封信件。对点练习1．Atschool，somestudentsareactivewhilesomeareshy，yettheycanbegoodfriendswithoneanother.2．Hewasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.3．Followyourdoctor’sadvice，oryourcoughwillgetworse.4．Johnplaysbasketballwell，but/yethisfavoritesportisbadminton.5．Henryisverysmart，somanyofhisclassmateslikehim.OneSaturdaymorning，whenIwaslisteningtomyfavoritesongs①，mymotheraskedmetodomyhomeworkfirst.However，assoonassheleft②，IturnedonmyMP3again.Ididn’tstarttodomyhomeworkuntilIheardsomebodyopeningthedoor.③HardlyhadItakenoutmypenwhenmymothercameback.④Mymumsaidangrily，“EverytimeIgoout⑤，youwilldootherthingsinsteadofdoingyourhomework.IthasbeentwohourssinceIleft⑥.HowmuchhomeworkhadyoufinishedbythetimeIenteredtheroom⑦？YoubegantodootherthingsthemomentIsteppedoutoftheroom⑧，didn’tyou？”Itwashalfanhourbeforeshestoppedscoldingme⑨.IhopeIwillgetridofthebadhabitsastimegoesby⑩.IpromiseIwillnotdothesamethingwhenshegoesoutnexttime①.[规则感悟]①when当……时候②assoonas一……就……③not...until...直到……才……④Hardly...when...Nosooner...than...一……就……⑤everytime后面直接跟句子，相同用法的还有thefirsttime，nexttime等⑥since自从……起，主句用现在完成时⑦bythetime到……时候为止，主句常常与完成时连用⑧themoment后面直接跟句子，意为“一……就……”，相同用法的还有theminute，theinstant，directly，immediately，instantly⑨before到……为止，在……之前⑩as随着1．“by＋过去的时间”引导的时间状语从句：主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；主句用将来完成时，从句用一般现在时或现在完成时。Ihadrememberedabout2,000wordsbythetimeIgraduatedfromjuniorhighschool.到初中毕业为止，我已经记了大约两千个单词了。Bythetimeyoucomeback，wewillhavefinishedthejob.到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。2．before的特殊用法。(1)Itwillbe＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时)Itwillbefourhoursbeforehisflightarrives.要过四个小时之后，他的航班才会抵达。(2)It＋was＋时间段＋before从句(一般过去时)Itwastenyearsbeforethecouplemetagain.十年之后，这对夫妇才再次相见。3．since引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……以来”，常用结构为“Itis/hasbeen＋一段时间＋since...”(从句用一般过去时)。Itisfouryearssincethewarbrokeout.自战争爆发以来已有四年了。4．till/until的用法。till/until用于肯定句，表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首，而till不能用于句首。Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomething，youmayresearch，study，andtalktootherpeopleuntilyoufigureitout.如果你有不懂的东西，你可以研究、学习以及和其他人进行交谈，直到你把它弄明白。Shedidn’tstartthelessonuntilthepupilssettleddown.直到学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。5．表示“一……就……”的连词(短语)。(1)assoonas，themoment，theminute，theinstant，immediately，directly，instantly等。Themomentmyauntgainedherdiplomaafterfouryearsofhardwork，shewasfilledwithjoy.我姑姑苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。(2)在hardly...when...，nosooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，when或than所在的从句用一般过去时。Ihadhardlygottotheofficewhenmywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.我一到办公室，妻子就打电话让我马上回家。对点练习1．Notuntilwesucceedinlettingwildlifeliveinpeacecanwesmileinrelief.2．Airpollutionisgettingmoreandmoreserious，sowemusttakeactionbeforeitistoolate.3．Hehadnosoonerfinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.4．Theshopkeeperinformsusthatitwillbeaweekbeforeourpackageisdelivered.5．IthasbeenagessinceJackbecameamemberofthefamousclub.IfailedtopasstheexamyesterdaybecauseIwascareless①.Iwassosadthattearscameoutofmyeyes.②Myteachernoticedthisandcalledmetoheroffice.“Thoughyou’reclever③，youdidn’tperformaswellasyourdeskmatedidthistime④.Why?Hewillmakeamarkwherehemakesamistake⑤andfigureitoutinhisnotebook.Ifyoucorrectyourmistakes⑥ashedoes⑦aftertheexam，youwillmakegreatprogressnexttime.”ImustlearnfrommydeskmatesothatIcanpasstheexamnexttime.⑧[规则感悟]①为原因状语从句②为结果状语从句③为让步状语从句④为比较状语从句⑤为地点状语从句⑥为条件状语从句⑦为方式状语从句⑧为目的状语从句1．让步状语从句(1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数