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重难点02阅读理解词义猜测题词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型,可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧。预计2024年高考词义猜测题仍旧占比0-1题。近3年新高考词义猜测题数据分析试卷类型年份篇序体裁话题题量新高考I卷2023C说明文数字机简主义1新高考II卷2023C说明文阅读艺术1新高考I卷2022C说明文社会公益1新高考II卷2022B记叙文多媒体发展新时代1C说明文使用Textalyzer来监控司机1新高考I卷2021C说明文保护野生动物和湿地1新高考II卷2021B夹叙夹议照顾两只幼虎1考点一：单词或短语意义猜测上下文猜词义。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。可利用下列方法：(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时下文紧跟一个同位语，对上文的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对上文或下文的词义或短语意义进行猜测。(3)根据构词法进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以加前缀或后缀构成一个新词，如果掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。(4)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。(5)根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等可知上下句存在转折关系，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。（6）根据举例推测词义。有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词suchas,such...as,forexample,forinstance,like,including,especially等。考点二：猜测代替词所替代的内容就近原则找指代。猜测代替词的指代内容，要求判断代词(it,one,they,this,that,these,those,which等)或助动词(do,does,did等)具体替代什么。可按以下三步进行：返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子→将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。考点三：句意猜测题意义吻合推句意。句意猜测要求通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。具体技巧如下：(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。对于需要猜测句意的情形，首先要理解句子的前后特定语境，然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理，最后再进行归纳总结，得出答案。(2)一般来说，正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来转换表达而已。典例一（2023年新高考I卷C篇）Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,典例分析youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.典例二（2023·年新高考II卷C篇）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.3．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A．Understand.B．Paint.C．Seize.D．Transform..（建议用时：8分钟/篇）1.（2023·山东·德州市第一中学校联考模拟预测）Whilemanyanimalpopulationsseemtodwindle,onespeciesthatismovingintheoppositedirectionofsuchlossisAmerica’snativewildlife—woodstork.ThewoodstorkistheonlystorkthatbreedsinNorthAmerica.In1984,itwasdeclaredanendangeredspeciesafteritspopulationdecreasedsharplytojust5,000matingpairs.Atthetime,scientistspredictedthatthebirdwouldbecomecompletelyextinctby2000.Today,itnumbers10,000matingpairs,andtheFishandWildlifeServiceisproposingadelistingofthewoodstorkasanendangeredspecies.Sohowdidthepopulationbounceback?Thesuccessisinpartdowntotheresourcefulnessofthewoodstork.Thewoodstork’snativehomewasintheEvergladesinFlorida,butitmigratednorthastheEvergladeswerebeingdestroyedbydevelopmentofmankind.Wetlandpreservationandrestoration,protectionofnestingareas,andmanagementofwaterflowsbeganwiththeapprovalofthewoodstork’sfirstrecoveryplanin1986.Inthefollowingyear,formerSavannahCoastalRefugesbiologistJohnRobinettenoticedstorknestsinGeorgiaasstorkpopulationsmovedtosaferwetlands.AccordingtoStephanieKurose,aseniorpolicyspecialistattheCentreforBiologicalDiversity,theEndangeredSpeciesActisalsotothankforthisrecovery.Shesaid,“Theactsavedthewoodstorkandithelpedpreserveandrebuildvitalhabitatsthroughoutthesoutheast,whichhasimprovedwaterqualityandbenefitedcountlessotherspecieswhocalltheareahome.”“TheEndangeredSpeciesActhassaved99percentofthespeciesthatwereonthelistsince1973.Ahundredtypesofplantsandanimalshavebeendelistedastheirpopulationsbecomestableagain.Ifthewoodstorkisdelisted,itwillremainprotectedbyotherlawsandamonitoringplanwillbeputinplacetoensurethepopulationremainsstable.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedworddwindleprobablymean?A．Boost.B．Change.C．Decline.D．Explode.2．Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoodstorkinparagraphtwo?A．Itspopulationshowsarisingtrend.B．Ithasbecomecompletelyextinct.C．Itiswidelydistributedworldwide.D．Itisthemostendangeredspecies.3．Whatthreatenedthepopulationofthewoodstock?A．ClimatechangeofEarth.B．Popularityofwatersports.C．Impactofhumanactivities.D．Arrivalofotherwildanimals.4．WhatisadirectresultoftheEndangeredSpeciesAct?A．Peoplehavesaferwatertodrink.B．Alistofspecieshavebeensaved.C．Thelocaleconomyhasboomed.D．Thewoodstockhasflownaway.2.（2023·广东东莞·东莞实验中学校考一模）ChatGenerativePre-trainedTransformer(ChatGPT),createdbyopenAI,anAIandresearchcompany,isanaturallanguageprocessingtooldrivenbyAItechnologythatallowsyoutohavehuman-likeconversationsandmuchmorewithachatbot.Thelanguagemodelcanansw