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阅读综合测试02（阅读理解+阅读七选五）（考试时间：40分钟试卷满分：50分）精选试题理由阅读A选题理由：人与社会---向科学家学习，崇尚科学精神2024·山西省优生联考高三上学期1月考阅读B选题理由：人与自我---学习方法（常考话题）2024届重庆市乌江新高考协作体高三上学期第一次联合调研抽测（一模）阅读C选题理由：人与自我---人物故事2024·云南省三校联考备考高三上学期实用性联考（五）阅读D选题理由：人与社会---介绍了“鸟笼效应”以及我们该如何在生活中恰当地利用它（文章特别经典与23年的群体效应异曲同工）2024·江苏省南京市、盐城市高三上学期第一次模拟阅读七选五选题理由：人与自我---人生智慧---如何在生活中开创新篇章2024·四川省自贡市普高高三上学期第一次诊断性考试阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节(每题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列文章，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGenerationsofcreatorshaveimprovedourliveswitheverythingthattouchesoffourimagination.Herearesomeofthebrilliantinventors.EllenSwallowRichards(1842—1911)Afterearningabachelor’sdegreefromVassarCollegein1870,Richardswasacceptedasa“specialstudent”atall-maleMIT,becomingthefirstwomanintheUnitedStatestoattendascienceschool.SheconductedahugesurveyofwaterqualityinMassachusetts,aneffortthatledtothefirststatewater-qualitystandardsinUS.GregorMendel(1822—1884)Inthemid-1800s,heexperimentedwithpeaplantstodeterminehowphysicalfeaturespassfromonegenerationtothenext.Theexperimentsestablishedthebasicrulesneededtocross-breed(杂交繁殖)plantstocreateanewvarietywithdesiredcharacteristics.RayKroc(1902—1984)AsthefounderofMcDonald’srestaurants,KrocchangedthewayAmericanseat.In1954,KrocwassellingindustrialmixersandvisitedtheCaliforniarestaurantoftwoofhisbestcustomers,MauriceandRichardMcDonald.Krocwasimpressedbythemethodsthebrothersusedtomaketheirhamburgers,cheeseburgers,Frenchfries,andmilkshakes.Kroc,anIllinoisnative,talkedtheMcDonaldsintoallowinghimtocreateagroupofdrive-inhamburgerrestaurantsusingtheirmethodsandname.ThefirstofhisrestaurantsopenedinDesPlaines,Illinois,onApril15,1955.JaneJacobs(1916—2006)Jacobswasnotaformallytrainedurbanplanneranddidn’thaveacollegedegree,butherintelligentviewsoncommunityplanningchangedthewayAmericansthoughtaboutcities.Inher1961book,DeathandLifeofGreatAmericanCities,Jacobsadvocatedhuman-friendlyneighborhoodsfeaturingshortcityblocksandmixed-usebuildingsthatencouragedresidentinteraction.Shealsostronglyopposedhigh-risedevelopmentsandexpresswaysthatcutthroughneighborhoods.1．WhatdidGregorMendeldo?A．Hefoundanewfastfoodmakingmethod.B．Hediscoveredthebasiccross-breedinglaws.C．Heestablishedthewater-qualitystandardsinUS.D．Hehelpedtoplanhuman-friendlyneighborhoods.2．WhoisthefounderofMcDonald’srestaurants?A．RayKroc.B．JaneJacobs.C．RichardMcDonald.D．MauriceMcDonald.3．WhendidJaneJacobspublishDeathandLifeofGreatAmericanCities?A．In2006.B．In1984.C．In1961.D．In1916.BAfamouscompany’sleaderbelievesthere’sonlyonewaytoknowifyoutrulyunderstandasubject:Canyouexplainittoachild?Butthemanwithlifelongloveofmathrecentlyfounditdidn’talwaysgowellwhenhetriedexplainingmathematicalconcepts(概念)tohisthen-school-agedchildren.Hethinksthatlearningwithkidstoseewhat’spuzzlingtothemandwhat’seasyforthemarethefinaltestofwhetheryouknowatopic—whetheryoucanexplainit.Teachersoftenaskstudentstogiveastatementonasubjecttoshowthattheyunderstandit.Studiesshowthatpeoplearemorelikelytorememberandunderstandconceptsthey’velearnedafterexplainingthemtosomeoneelseoreventothemselves.Thatmeansyoucantestyourownknowledgeinasubjectsimplybytryingtoteachittoafriend,toseebothhowmuchinformationyou’vekeptandhowwellyouactuallyunderstanditsconcepts.Iftheysuccessfullylearnfromyou,it’sagoodsignthatyou’reontherighttrack.Theleader,whostudiedmathandcomputerscienceatuniversity,notedthatwhilehewaspersonallygoodatmathasahighschoolstudent,hehadtroublepassingthatenthusiasm(热情)tohisthreekids.Helovesdoingmath,butinthepasthisyoungerdaughterwouldalwayssaythathemadeitsocomplicated(复杂的)andhedidn’tneedtoexplainthistoher.Becauseshejustwantedtoknowtheanswer.Today,histhreechildrenareallintheir20s.Whiletheymaynothaveenjoyedthemathlessons,hesaysthatoneofhisfavoritethingsisteachingcalculus(微积分)tothekids.Thereareafewverydifficultconceptsincalculus.Hemustexplainwhycalculusissoimportantandwhycalculushasthosefunnysymbols.It’scrazyandit’sprobablythethingheenjoysthemost.4．Whathappenedtotheleaderrecently?A．HeexplainedChinesewell.B．Hedevelopedhislifelongloveofmath.C．Hemetachallengeinplayingwithhiskids.D．Hehadtroubleexplainingmathematicalconceptstohiskids.5．Whatdoestheauthorencouragepeopletodoinparagraph3?A．Communicatewithothersactively.B．Buildrelationshipwithothers.C．Managetodescribethemselves.D．Knowabouttheirownlearningbyteachingothers.6．Whatdidtheleader’syoungerdaughtercareabout?A．Describinganexample.B．Learningwithherfather.C．Gettingthefinalanswer.D．Keepingenthusiasmhigh.7．Whatdoestheleaderthinkofhisteachingcalculustohischildren?A．Itbringshimhappiness.B．Ithelpshiskidsgrow.C．Itgiveshimalesson.D．Itimproveshismaths.CWhenIwasagirlofeight,livinginatown,IusedtoworkforMrs.White,anelderlylady.Shepaidmeverylittleformywork,becauseshedidn’thavemuchmoney.Shedid,however,promisetogivemeaChristmaspresent.ThegirlsIplayedwithhadbaseballgloves,bicyclesandiceskates,andIwassoeagertoacquireanyoneofthese.OnChristmasmorning,Mrs.Whitegavemealittlepackagewhichcouldhardlyholdanything.Iwaspainfullydisappointedbutshetoldmeitwasakindofmagic.Mydisappointmentturnedintocuriosity.WithgreatexcitementIopenedthepackage,onlytofindapileoftensheet