资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】专题10阅读理解之应用文2020-2023年高考英语阅读理解考情分析项目年份卷别语篇类型题型应用文记叙文说明文议论文细节理解推理判断主旨要义词义猜测2023新高考I卷ABC/D6711新高考Ⅱ卷ABC/D8331全国甲卷ABC/D951全国乙卷BA/CD58112022新高考I卷ACDB10311新高考Ⅱ卷ABC/D7512全国甲卷AC/DB8331全国乙卷AC/DB112112021新高考I卷ABC/D6621新高考Ⅱ卷ABC/D9411全国甲卷ACBD6711全国乙卷A/B/C/D48212020新高考I卷AB/CD7512全国I卷AC/DB4821全国Ⅱ卷ADB/C8232应用文主要设题类型及特点1.细节理解题:针对应用文体裁的阅读训练多出现细节理解题。应用文不同于一般的文章,应用文的措辞简洁明了、直截了当,在阅读时须重点注意细节信息,最好采取跳读这种阅读方法。如:活动的具体时间和地点是什么?音乐会的具体举办时间是什么?所倡议的活动是针对哪些人展开的?2.主旨大意题:应用文强调实用性,无论是信件、广告、通知,还是倡议书、海报等,在阅读时都应该快速掌握其主旨大意。如:海报介绍的那部电影?通知的是哪个活动?邀请哪些人参加什么活动?这些都是主旨大意题考查的内容。常见的主旨大意题的题干表达方式有“Theposterintroducesusto_______.”“Thee-mailmainlytellsusabout_______.”3.观点态度题:作者往往通过海报、广告等形式的应用文表明自己对于某事的态度,也可以通过通知、倡议书、邀请函等形式暗示自己对某次活动的看法和态度。常见的观点态度题的题干表达方式有“Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards...”“Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthe...?”高考英语阅读理解题中,应用文具有以下一些特点:资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】1.题材多样、注重实用广告题材涉及美食之旅、职业从业者、自行车租赁、旅游观光等方面,题材十分丰富,而且与实际生活联系紧密。2.语言地道、简洁明了①简单句多,复杂句少。广告所用语言较简洁,多采用简单句,句型结构较为复杂的长、难句很少,因此读上去比较容易。②多采用短语、省略句。广告多采用非完整句,短语、省略很常见,更加有效地传达信息。例如:3.设题灵活、筛选信息。广告的设题方式主要有:1)理解写作意图:这样的题目要求考生能理解作者的写作目的、主旨大意以及广告的体裁特点。2)获取文中信息:有关广告的阅读试题大部分为这类题目,要求考生读懂文中的关键信息。3)理解深层含义:这类题目要求考生理解某一句话的深层含义,也就是透过字里行间,读懂它的言外之意。题型归纳题型01“寻找共同点”题【题型诠释】寻找共同点命题规律探究:1.“找共同点题”试题大多出现在应用文最后—题或第一题;2.属于复杂细节理解题,可能会涉及阅读材料多处;3.常见命题形式:Whatdothefour...haveincommon?【典例1】(2023上·广东广州·高三华南师大附中校考阶段练习)InspiredbyhismentorLouisSullivan,aninfluentialfigureintheworldofmodernistarchitecture,FrankLloydWrightcoinedtheterm“organicarchitecture”around1908.Ratherthanimitatingnatureororganicelementswithinthenaturalworld,organicarchitectureismoreconcernedwithre-interpretationofnatureandharmonybetweentheorganicandthebuiltenvironment.Itensuresthattheindividualelementswithinbuildingsareputtogethertoreflecttheorderwithinnature.Herearefourofthe1.结构法:如果属于“总分总”结构,多从“总处”找依据;2.排除法:可以运用排除法,只要一项不合要求就应该排除;3.关键词法:依据题干划出关键词语,据此知道答案。资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】moststrikingexamples.CasaMilàLocation:Barcelona,SpainYearofcompletion:1910Architect:AntoniCaudiConsideredthegreatestmasterofCatalanModernism,AntoniGaudiwasdevotedtonatureandtheCatholicreligion.Whileheoriginallyintendedthisorganicbuildingtohaveareligiouspurpose,itisnowanapartmentbuilding.Truetotheorganicstyle,itfeatureshoneyshapesthatseeminglyemergefromtheearth.LearningHubatNanyangTechnologicalUniversity(NTU)Location:SingaporeYearofcompletion:2015Architect:ThomasHeatherwickEarningthenicknames“dimsumbasketbuilding”and“theHive”,theLearningHubconsistsof12eight-storeytowersarrangedaroundapublicatrium(天井).Theorganicnatureofthebuildingextendstoitsinteriorwithfeatureslikegardensthatareintendedtoencouragesocialinteractionsandstudyamongstudents.FallingWaterLocation:MillRun,PennsylvaniaYearofcompletion:1939Architect:FrankLloydWrightAclassicofmodernismandorganicarchitecture,FallingWatersitsontopofawaterfall.FrankLloydWrightdesigneditfortheKaufmannfamilywho—thoughtheyhadoriginallyhopedforaviewofthewaterfall-cametolovethehome.EastBeachCaféLocation:Littlehampton,UKYearofcompletion:2007Architect:ThomasHeatherwickLocatedinaseasideareawithanindustrialhistory,EastBeachCaféresemblesapieceofdriftwood.Fortymeterslong,sevenmeterswideandfivemetershigh,itinitiallypolarizedlocals,buthassincebeenwell-receivedbythewholecommunity.ItwasthefirstbuildingforThomasHeatherwickwhopreviouslywasbetterknownasasculptor.资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】6.Whatdoweknowaboutthefourbuildingsinthetext?A.Theyarearchitecturalclassicsofmodernism.B.Theyfeatureimitationsofanimalsorelementsinnature.C.EastBeachCaféwasnotwelcomedbyallthelocalsinitially.D.ThedesignerofLearningHubatNTUinvented’theconcept“organicarchitecture”.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据EastBeachCafé部分“Fortymeterslong,sevenmeterswideandfivemetershigh,itinitiallypolarizedlocals,buthassincebeenwell-receivedbythewholecommunity.”(它长40米,宽7米,高5米,最初在当地引起了两极分化,但后来受到了整个社区的欢迎。)可知,这个咖啡厅在建立之初并不受到所有当地人的欢迎。故选C。题型02“文章出处”题【题型诠释】“推断文章出处”类试题应从文章的内容或结构入手来判断其出处:研究报告类文章(aresearchpaper):此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果:新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍,然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨,语言规范,句式复杂。图书评论类文章(abookreview):书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍,内容梗概、人物性格评论,写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。广告英语类文章(anadvertisement):现代生活中广告无处不在,英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。科普杂志类文章(asciencemagazine):此类文章内容广泛,涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识,提高科学素养。教材课本类文章(ageographytextbook):此类文章内容比较正式,语言规范,往往涉及到学科术语、专业性词汇、概念、理论等。课件展示类文章(aclasspresentation):此类文章往往紧扣主题,口语性强、语言活泼,形式新颖,伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。网络网页类文章(anInternetpage):此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志,如Formoreinformation,pleaseclickhere.资料整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】【典例2】(2023上·山东·高三山东省实验中学校考阶段练习)NewYorkBroadwayShow:AladdinHaveagenie(精灵)grantyourwishtoseetheDisneyclassicliveonBroadway!Provider:TiqetsInternationalB.V.Duration:2h30minsTicketInfo:A.$91.20AdmissiontoAladdinB.SmartphoneticketsacceptedC.InstantticketdeliveryHighlights&DescriptionRolloutthemagiccarpetandgetreadyforawholenewworld.TheproducerofTheLionKingbringsthetimelessstoryofAladdintotheNewYorkstageinamusicalspectacularforthewholefamily.FromtheproducerofTheLionKing,thismagicalspectacleispackedwithallyourfavoritesongsfromtheDisneyanimatedclassicAladdin,andmore!CometotheNewAmsterdamTheatreandstepinto“AWholeNewWorld”!InstructionsYourti