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必修第一册Unit1TeenageLifeⅠ.阅读理解AInflammation(炎症)isthebody’sdefensemechanism.Youmighthaveexperienceditifyousustainedphysicalinjuriesorhadaninfection，liketheflu，whichcausesasorethroat.Inflammationcanoccurinanyorgan，butitismostcommonandeasytoseeintheskin.Youwillnoticeredness，heatandswelling.Usuallythisisagoodthing，asitshowsyouhaveahealthyimmunesystemthatcankillpathogens(病原体)andrepairdamage.However，inflammationcanbeadouble-edgedswordasinsomepeopleitcantargetthebody’shealthycells，causingwhatiscalledanautoimmunedisease.Giventhisdanger，anewstudyfromCambridgeUniversity，theUK，hasbeenlookingintobrainconditionsthatarenotusuallylinkedtoautoimmunediseases.Thestudyfoundthatinflammationofthebrain—knownasneuroinflammation(神经炎症)—hasbeenlinkedtoseveralformsofdementia(痴呆)．Inthisnewstudy，researchersscannedthebrainsof31volunteerswiththreedifferenttypesofdementia.Thefirstscanwastohighlightneuroinflammation，andasecondscanilluminated(阐明)poisonousproteinsthatarelinkedwithdementia.Theteamalsoexamined12post-mortem(afterdeath)brains.Theseexperimentsshowedsimilarpatternsofpoisonousproteinbuild-upandneuroinflammation，suggestingarelationshipbetweeninflammationanddementia.“Evenweweresurprisedbyhowtightlythesetwoproblemsmappedontoeachother.Now，thebigquestioniswhatrolethisneuroinflammationplaysinthedeclineofthemindassociatedwithdementia，”saidThomasCope，oneoftheauthorsofthestudy.Anotherofthestudy’sresearchers，JamesRowe，highlightedtheimportanceoffurtherresearch.Hesaidthefrequentpresenceofinflammationinneurodegenerative(神经退化的)diseases，includingAlzheimer’sandParkinson’sdisease，“offershopethatimmune-basedtreatmentsmighthelpsloworpreventtheseconditions”．1．Whyisinflammationusuallyagoodthing?A．Itcandefendourbodyagainstinfection.B．Itallowsinjuriestohealthemselves.C．Itgiveslong-termprotectiontohealthycells.D．Itisareflectionofahealthyimmunesystem.2．WhatdidthestudyfromCambridgeUniversityfind?A．Neuroinflammationleadstodementia.B．Increasedpoisonousproteinsinthebraincausedementia.C．Therearelinksbetweenneuroinflammationanddementia.D．Poisonousproteinbuild-upandneuroinflammationhavedifferentpatterns.3．WhatisstillunknownaccordingtoThomasCope?A．Whyneuroinflammationisconnectedwithdementia.B．Howthedeclineofthemindisassociatedwithdementia.C．Howtopreventneuroinflammationfromdevelopingintodementia.D．Towhatextentneuroinflammationanddementiaarelinkedwitheachother.4．WhatcanbeinferredfromJamesRowe’swords?A．Inflammationisoneofthecausesofneuroinflammation.B．Immune-basedtreatmentswouldbethebestcurefordementia.C．Researchonneuroinflammationcouldhelptreatneurodegenerativediseases.D．Furtherresearchwillfocusonmethodsofcuttingpoisonousproteinsinthebrain.BAlmosteverymonth，anewpieceofresearchappearslinkingdietshighinprocessed“junk”foodswithobesityandpoorhealth.Itisn’tyetcleariftheyhaveacause-and-effectrelationship.Butdeeperresearchisstartingtoappearfromtrialsthatcomparedietswhicharebasedoneitherextremelyprocessedfoodsorwholefoods(天然食品)，yetarecarefullymatchedfornutrientsinallotherways.Thelinksneedinvestigatingasamatterofurgency.Iftheseprocessedfoodsreallydocarryessentialhealthrisks，itcouldmeanthatofficialadviceabouthealthyeatinghasbeenaimingatthewrongtargetfordecades.Inalmostallhigh-incomecountries，nutritionguidelinessaythekeytohealthyeatingisavoidingtoomuchfat，saltandsugar.Whilemanytypesofprocessedfoodcontainsignificantquantitiesofthesenot-well-thought-ofingredients，notalldo，andtherearewholefoodsthatarealsohighinsomeofthem.Redmeatandsomedairyproductscomewiththeirshareoffat，forinstance.Itisstillunclearifitisbettertoswitchto“healthier”low-fatversionsofprocessedfoods，ortocookfromscratch，whatevertheingredients.Equallynotcleariswhatactiongovernmentsshouldbetaking.Somecampaignersarenowcallingforhighertaxesonfactory-madefoods.Thatwouldbecontroversial，however，becausethesefoodsmakeupto60percentofpeople’sdietsincountriessuchastheUKandtheUS.Additionally，anypriceincreaseislikelytohitlower-incomehouseholdshardest，manyofwhichconsumemoreofsuchproductsbecauseprocessedfoodscanbecheaperthanmakingmealsfromtheiroriginalingredients，andthecostdifferenceisevengreaterifyoutakeintoaccountthetimetakentocookfromscratch.Ratherthantaxation，amostpracticalapproachmaybeforschoolstostartteachingpupilshowtomakequickandsimplehome-cookedmeals.Thisapproachwouldtakemanyyearstobearfruit，astheencroachment(侵蚀)ofprocessedfoodsintoWesterncuisinetookplaceoverdecades.Itisn’tgoingtobecompletelychangedovernight.5．Whatcanbelearnedaboutprocessedfoods?A．Theyaremorenutritiousthanwholefoods.B．Theycanhelpavoidbeingoverweightandunhealthy.C．Theyhavelessfat，saltandsugarthanwholefoods.D．Theydon’tnecessarilycarrysuchhighhealthrisks.6．Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph3?A．Bygivingreasons.B．Bylistingfacts.C．Byansweringquestions.D．Byshowingastudyresult.7．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardshighertaxationonprocessedfoods?A．Favorable.B．Tolerant.C．Opposed.D．Carefree.8．Whatwillbethefutureofprocessedfoods?A．Theywillstillexistinpeople’sdietsforsomeyears.B．Theywillbeover-taxed.C．TheywillberemovedfromWesterncuisine.D．Theywillbereplacedbyhome-mademealssoon.Ⅱ