选择性必修第一册 Unit 1　People of Achievement

选择性必修第一册Unit1PeopleofAchievementⅠ.阅读理解ABanffNationalParkishometoanamazingwildlifepopulation.ButthebusyTrans­CanadaHighwaythatcutsthroughtheparkisahazardtothelovelyanimals.Toaddresstheproblem，Banfffirstputupwildlifefencingoneithersideofthehighwaytodiscourageanimalsfromenteringthebusyroad.Then，since1996，sixwildlifeoverpassesand38underpasseshavebeenopenedtohelptheanimalscrossthehighwayinsafety.IwasfortunatetovisitBanff’sRedEarthOverpasswithTrevorKinley，theprojectmanagerofParksCanada.Hetoldmethatsofar，theyhaddocumented10,000safeanimalcrossingsonthisoverpassalone.“Someanimalshavelearnedhowtousethecrossingsmuchmorequicklythanothers.Blackbearsarethefastestlearners，followedbydeer.Wolvesandlionstakethelongesttoworkouthowtousethem，”Kinleysaid，laughing.“Butthoseanimalsthatareslowertoadaptareusuallymorecapableanddeterminedtofigureoutthesafestwaytocrossthoseoverpassesandunderpasses.”Thereissomecriticism(批评)thatchannelingsomuchwildlifeintoafewbridgesandtunnelsislikemakingatrapfortheanimals，offeringbiganimalsaneasymealoneitherside.“Butresearchhasshownthatthisisnotthecase，”Kinleyassuredme.“Therearenomorekillingsaroundthecrossingsthananywhereelseinthepark.”WalkingovertheTrans­CanadaHighwayandthenwalkingunderneaththroughoneofthetunnels，Iwasamazedtoseethefreshtracksofblackbears，wolves，deerandmanykindsofsmalleranimals.Somehow，Iwassohappytoseealltheseanimalfootprints，knowingthatallthiswildlifewaspassingsafelyunderandoverthelongestroadinCanada.Hopefully，thesuccessofthewildlifecrossingsinBanffwillcontinuetoinspiresimilarsolutionsaroundtheworld，wherehumanpressureonwildlifecontinuestogrow.1．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlined“hazard”inparagraph1?A．Shelter.B．Message.C．Answer.D．Danger.2．WhatdoesTrevorKinleysayaboutthosewolvesandlions?A．Theyarestupidanimals.B．Theyarecautiouslearners.C．Theyareverydangerous.D．Theyaregoodatadapting.3．Whatarethecriticsworriedabout?A．Therearetoomanybridgesandtunnels.B．Manyanimalswillnotusethecrossings.C．Morekillingsmighthappenatthecrossings.D．Illegalhuntingmightbeencouragedinthepark.4．Howdoestheauthorfeelattheendofthevisit?A．Concerned.B．Disappointed.C．Shocked.D．Delighted.BPlantsdon’thaveearsoracentralnervoussystem，butnewresearchoutoftheUniversityofMissourihasdemonstratedthattheymightstillhavetheabilityto“hear”．Morespecifically，plantshavebeenshowntoexhibitanimmuneresponsetothemeresoundofahungryinsect.Forthestudy，researchersplayedthesoundofacaterpillarchewingtoagroupofplants，whichcausedslightvibrations(振动)ontheplants’leaves.Theplantswereabletorecognizethesevibrationpatternsasdanger，andrespondedbymountingtheappropriateimmuneresponse.Inotherwords，itappearsthatplantscan“hear”themselvesbeingchewedon.Researchersassumethatplantsachievethisremarkableabilitythankstoproteinsthatrespondtopressurefoundwithintheircellmembranes.Vibrationscausepressurechangeswithinthecell，whichcanchangethebehavioroftheproteins；however，additionalstudywillberequiredtoconfirmordenythistheory.Onceresearchersidentifytheexactmechanismsatplayinthisprocess，itcouldleadtoadvancesincropprotection.Farmerscouldpotentiallylearntousesoundtocauseaplant’snaturalchemicaldefensesagainstinsectthreats，ratherthanturningtopoisonouschemicals.“Wecanimagineapplicationsofthiswhereplantscouldbetreatedwithsoundorgeneticallyengineeredtorespondtocertainsoundsthatwouldbeusefulforagriculture，”saidstudyauthorHeidiAppel.Thestudyaddstothegrowinglistofwaysthatplantshavebeenshowntosensetheirenvironments.Theyarenottheboringorganismsthatmanypeopleassumetheyare.Forinstance，someplantsareabletocommunicatewitheachotherandsignalupcomingdangertotheirneighborsbyreleasingchemicalsintotheair.Plantscanrespondtolight(thinkaboutsunflowers)andtemperature.Somecanevenrespondtotouch，suchastheVenusflytrap(捕蝇草)，whichsnapsshutwhenaninsectstimulatesitshairs.5．Whydidresearcherscarryoutthestudy?A．Tofindoutifplantscanreacttosounds.B．Tolearnhowplantsrecognizedangers.C．Todiscoverifplantscanshaketheirleaves.D．Toseehowplantsimproveimmunesystems.6．What’sthepotentialuseofresearchers’discovery?A．Toremoveinsects.B．Toprotectcrops.C．Totreatplantdiseases.D．Toproducechemicals.7．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthelastparagraph?A．Therearemoreplantsthanweknow.B．Lotsofsecretsaboutplantsremainunclear.C．Plantsfitinwellwiththeirenvironments.D．Plantsaremoreactivethanwethink.8．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．CanPlants“Talk”withEachOther?B．HowDoPlantsMakeUseofSounds?C．CanPlants“Hear”ThemselvesBeingEaten?D．HowDoPlantsDefendThemselvesAgainstAttacks?CTheTiangongspacestationisaspacestationbeingconstructedbyChina.Theconstructionofthestationisbasedontheexperiencegainedfromitspioneers，Tiangong­1andTiangong­2.Thefirstmodule(舱)，theTianhecoremodule，waslaunchedonApril29,2021，followedbymultiplecrewedanduncrewedmissionsandtwomoremodulestobelaunchedby2022.AccordingtoChinaMannedSpaceAgency(CMSA)，whichoperatesthespacestation，thepurposeandmissionsofTiangongspacestationarelistedas：breakthroughsinkeytechnologiessuchaspermanenthumanoperationsinorbit，long­termautonomousspaceflightofthespacestation，lifesupporttechnologyanddevelopme