选择性必修第四册 Unit 4　Sharing

选择性必修第四册Unit4SharingⅠ.阅读理解AAlexElmanrunsabigbusiness—somethinghardtoimagineaftershelosthersightinhertwenties.ButElmansaysthatlosinghersighthelpedherfocusonfindingsuccess.Elman’sfatherplantedahillsidevineyardinWesternMassachusettsin1981.It’swhereElmanfledduringthedarkestperiodofherlife.Whenshewas27yearsold，shewentblindduetocomplicationsfromjuvenilediabetes(青少年糖尿病)17yearsago.Sherecalled，“Ihidinmyhome.Ihidintheplace，tome，thatwasthesafestplaceintheworld.”ElmanisnowthefounderofAlexElmanWines，agrowingcollectionoforganicwinesfromallaroundtheworld：ChiantifromItaly，TorrontesfromArgentina.Elmandoesn’tworkalone.Herassistant，aguidedognamedHanley，issomethingofawinetaster，andquiteabeggar.HanleytravelstoallofthewineriesthatElmandoes，fromSouthAmericatoEurope.Atfirst，Elmanresistedtheideaofaseeing­eyedog.Nowit’shardtoimagineherlife，orherbusiness，withouthim.Shesaid，“WhensomeonetellsmesomethingisorganicandIdon’treallybelieveitbecauseItastesomethingfunnyonit，I’llputitinfrontofhisfaceandifhelikesthewine，he’llactuallygoinandsniffit.Ifit’snotright，he’llturnhisheadaway...Hegetsinthedirtwithme.Hescratchesaround.Hemakessurethatweseeearthwormsandbutterflies.That’showweknowthatthesoilisactuallyorganicandtherearenochemicals.”ElmantoldCBSNewsshebelievesthelossofhervisionwasagift.Shesaid，“ItallowedmetopayattentiontowhatIthoughtwasimportantandalsotobeabletoteachpeoplethatthebrokenhangnailisnotabigdeal，youknowwhatImean?Don’tsweatthesmallstuff.Don’tsweatthebigstuffeither.”1．WhatcanweknowaboutElmanfromparagraph2?A．Shesufferedfromjuvenilediabetesfrom27yearsold.B．Shelikedplayinghide­and­seekduringherchildhood.C．Shelosthersightwhilehelpingwithfarmworkin1981.D．Shegotthroughherharddaysinthevineyard.2．WhatwouldElmandowhenshecouldn’tjudgethewineexactly?A．ShewouldmakeHanleygoinandsniffit.B．ShewouldorderHanleytodrinkit.C．ShewouldturntoHanleyforadvice.D．Shewouldhaveanothertasteherself.3．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thebrokenhangnail”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Anailwhichisofnouse.B．Ataskthatit’shardtoaccomplish.C．Adisadvantageyouhaveinyourlife.D．Apersonwhoishardtodealwith.4．Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingwillElmanmostprobablyagreewith?A．Whenlifegivesyoulemons，makelemonade.B．Theeyeisblindifthemindisabsent.C．Asingletreedoesnotmakeaforest.D．Thereisnoroyalroadtosuccess.B(2023·河南南阳阶段考试二)Igooutofmywaytosay“thankyou”tomypartnerfrequently，andhe’sthesameway.Wewerebothraisedbyparentswhovaluedpoliteness，andmorethanthat，Iwanttodoallthoselittlethingsthatpsychologistssayhelpcouplesstaytogether.Expressinggratitudeisoneofthosethings，soaquick“thanks”seemslikeaneasyone.Butaccordingtoarecentstudy，we’renotatalltypical.Thestudylookedatover1,000recordingsofcasualconversationsamongfamiliesandclosefriends.Inonlyaboutoneoutof20timeswereexpressionsofthanksobserved.Phrasesthatmeant“thanks”butweren’tadirecttranslationofthewordwerecounted，includingphysicalgesturesofthanks.Theresearcherslookedatawidevarietyofpeoplefromdifferentplaces，representingeightlanguages:Polish，Russian，Italy，English，Murrinh­patha(anAboriginallanguage)，Cha’palaa，LaoandSiwu.TheBritsthankedpeopleclosetothemthemost，about14.5percentofthetime，andclosebehindthemweretheItaliansat13.5percent.TheMurrinh­pathacamenextat4.5percentandfollowingthemweretheRussians，thePolish，theLaotiansandtheSiwuspeakers.Thelowest?Well，theCha’palaaspeakersofEcuadordon’thaveawordfor“thankyou”atall.Asthelinguistsexplained，“Expressingthanks，insomecultures，ismoreofalinguistictraditionthanatrueexpressionoffeelings.Incultureswherethanksarelessoftensaid，it’sbecausesocialcooperationistakenforgranted，and‘thankyou’isn’treallyneededornecessary.”Theideathatyoudon’tneedtothankothersbecauseit’sassumedthatyou’reappreciativeisbeautiful.Butitisabithardformetoaccept.SoI’llkeepsaying“thanks”asfrequentlyasIdo.Butasafrequenttraveler，I’llkeepinmindtowatchthelocalcustomandfollowsuit.5．Whatmightbepsychologists’opinionaboutexpressingthanks?A．Itcanshowaperson’svalues.B．Itispasseddownfromparents.C．Itisalittleandunnecessarything.D．Itcancontributetocloserelationship.6．Whatistypicalamongfamilymembersaccordingtothestudy?A．Theysaythanksatanytime.B．Theyseldomexpressthanks.C．Theyoftenshowthanksusinggestures.D．Theyoftenuseindirecttranslationofthanks.7．Whoneversay“thankyou”？A．TheCha’palaaspeakers.B．ThePolish.C．TheItalians.D．TheRussians.8．Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?A．Peoplethankclosefriendsandfamilyless.B．Familymembersdon’tneedtothankeachother.C．Closefriendshavedifferentwaystoexpressthanks.D．Differentcultureshavedifferentwaystoexpressthanks.CWhatifourcitystreetscouldactlikeforestsandreducepollution?Thankstoscientificinnovation，roadstreatedwithanewpavementtechnologycannoweatsmogandhelpkeepcitiescool.Sincethereislittleroomforforestsinurbanareas，whereairpollutionactuallyoccurs，PavementTechnologyInc.(PTI)，togetherwithresearchersfromLouisianaStateUniversity，cameupwithanasphaltspray(沥青喷雾)calledA．R.A.­1Ti.Thespray’sexactcompositionhasn’tbeenrevealed，butitisknowntobebasedontitaniumoxide(二氧化钛)，acomponentcontainedinmanysunscreensonthemarket.Whenultravioletrays(紫外线)fromthesuna