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资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】专题16阅读理解（应用文）刷大题、提能力1.（江苏省2023-2024学年高三能力检测试题）Womenareequallyresponsibleforthegrowthofafree,modernsociety.Here’salookatsomeoutstandingwomenwhomadegreatcontributionstoworldhistory.MariaSibyllaMerianToday,childrencanexplainhowacaterpillar(毛毛虫)turnsintoabutterfly(蝴蝶).Buttherewasatimewhennooneknewthis--notevenscientists.ThankstoMariaSibyllaMerian,weknowthetruthaboutthesebeautifulwingedinsects.Merianwasfascinatedbyinsects,andshebegancollecting,studying,anddrawingthemwhenshewasasyoungas13.Itwasthroughherstudyofcaterpillarsthatshediscoveredthetruthabouttheirlifecycles.BerylMarkhamBerylMarkhamwasquiteincredibleinnotjustaviation(航空)butseveralotherindustries,includinghorseracing.In1936,atage33,MarkhambecamethefirstwomantoflyacrosstheAtlanticalonefromtheeasttothewest,nonstop.Thepilotplayedaroleintheclassicbest-sellingnovelandfilm,OutofAfrica,andhadmanybiographiespennedabouthertalentsandlife.MadamC．J.WalkerMadamCJ.Walkerdevelopedaconditionthatcausedhertoloseherhair,andwithit,aninterestinhaircare.Shebeganworkingforblackhaircareentrepreneur(企业家)AnnieTurnboMalone.Eventually,WalkerbeganmakingandmarketingherownhaircareproductsdesignedforAfrican-Americanwomen.HercompanydevelopedintothesuccessfulMadamC．J.WalkerManufacturingCompany.SheiswidelyrecognizedasAmerica’sfirstblackfemaleself-mademillionaire.HedyLamarrYoumightknowHedyLamarrfromthesilverscreen;shestarredinmanyfilms.Butherfilmcareerisfarfromheronlyachievement;shewasalsoabrilliantinventor.In1942,shereceivedapatentforaninventionthatcouldchangeradiosignalfrequencies.Itpavedthewayformuchofthewirelesstechnologyweusetoday.1．Whohadalotofenthusiasmforthestudyofinsects?A．HedyLamarrB．BerylMarkham资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C．MadamC．J.WalkerD．MariaSibyllaMerian2．WhatmadeMadamC．J.Walkerbegintofocusonthehaircare?A．Herlosingherhair.B．Atypeofhaircareproduct.C．AnnieTurnboMalone’ssuccess.D．HerwishtohelpAfricanAmericans.3．WhatisspecialaboutHedyLamar?A．ShewasthefirstwomantoflyacrosstheAtlanticalone.B．Shewasbothafilmstarandaninventor.C．Shewasasuccessfulbusinesswoman.D．Shewasabest-sellingwriter.【答案】1．D2．A3．B【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四位杰出女性。1．细节理解题。根据MariaSibyllaMerian部分中的“Merianwasfascinatedbyinsects,andshebegancollecting,studying,anddrawingthemwhenshewasasyoungas13.（梅里安对昆虫非常着迷，她在13岁时就开始收集、研究和绘制昆虫。）”可知，MariaSibyllaMerian酷爱研究昆虫。故选D。2．推理判断题。根据MadamCJ.Walker部分中的“MadamC.J.Walkerdevelopedaconditionthatcausedhertoloseherhair,andwithit,aninterestinhaircare.（C.J.沃克夫人患上了一种疾病，导致她失去了头发，同时也使她对护发产生了兴趣。）”可知，MadamC.J.Walker掉发严重，因此对护发产生了兴趣。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据HedyLamarr部分中的“Butherfilmcareerisfarfromheronlyachievement.shewasalsoabrilliantinventor.（但她的电影生涯远不是她唯一的成就。她也是一位杰出的发明家。）”可知，HedyLamarr不仅是电影明星而且是发明家。故选B。2.（云南师范大学附属中学2023年高三试题）Volunteeringforteensisaneducational,mind-openingandlife-enrichingtravelexperience.Since2007,IVHQhassupportedthousandsofhighschoolstudentstovolunteerinAfrica,Asia,SouthAmerica,CentralAmerica,NorthAmerica,Europe,theCaribbeanandthePacific.There’snoneedtowaittillyou’re18tovolunteerabroad!InternationalVolunteerHQspecializesinofferingsafeandaffordablevolunteeropportunitiesforhighschoolstudentsandteensinmorethan17destinationsaroundtheglobe.Howtovolunteerasateenageroverseas:Applyingtovolunteerasateenagerissimple!Onceyouhavedecidedwheretovolunteerandwhichprojectyouwouldliketojoin,youcanapplyonline.It’sfree,onlytakesafewminutesandthereisnocommitmentneeded资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】atthisstage.OurteamofVolunteerTravelSpecialistswillthenguideyouthroughthenextstepstosecureyourspotandstartpreparingforyourtrip.ThereareanumberofwaysyoucanvolunteerwithIVHQdependingonyourage:Under16:You’reabletovolunteeraspartofagroup(forexample,agroupofstudentsfromyourhighschool,withyourfamilyorfriends)oncertainIVHQprograms.Youmusthaveparental/guardianpermitandbeaccompaniedontheprogrambyadesignatedguardianovertheageof18.Contactustofindoutmore.16&17yearsold:Youcanjoinoneofourteenvolunteerabroadprogramsindependentlywithparentalpermitandtwosatisfactorycharacterreferences.Youcanchoosefromvolunteerprojectsinmorethan17destinationsandwillreceive24/7supportfromthelocalteam,butnotfulltimesupervision.4．Whoarethevolunteeringprojectdesignedfor?A．Adults.B．Children.C．TeenagersD．Students.5．Howcanyouapplyforvolunteering?A．ThroughtheInternet.B．Bymail.C．Inperson.D．Throughcalls.6．Whatwillagirlat14offerwhenapplying?A．Agradecertificate.B．Permitfromparents.C．Aschoolguarantee.D．Characterreferences.【答案】4．C5．A6．B【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了国际青年志愿者组织的活动参与方式和报名要求。4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Volunteeringforteensisaneducational,mind-openingandlife-enrichingtravelexperience.”（青少年志愿服务是一种教育性、开放性和丰富生活的旅行体验。）及“InternationalVolunteerHQspecializesinofferingsafeandaffordablevolunteeropportunitiesforhighschoolstudentsandteensinmorethan17destinationsaroundtheglobe.”（国际志愿者总部专门为全球17多个目的地的高中生和青少年提供安全、负担得起的志愿者机会。）可知，该项目是为青少年设计的活动。故选C项。5．细节理解题。根据Howtovolunteerasateenageroverseas:标题下“Onceyouhavedecidedwheretovolunteerandwhichprojectyouwouldliketojoin,youcanapplyonline.”（一旦你决定了在哪里做志愿者以及你想加入哪个项目，你就可以在线申请。）可知，通过网络你可以申请做志愿者。故选A项。6．细节理解题。根据ThereareanumberofwaysyoucanvolunteerwithIVHQdependingonyourage:标题下第一段Und