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资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】专题23阅读理解（细节理解题）刷大题、提能力1.（2023·江苏·高三扬州中学模拟测试）Metal-organicframeworks(MOFs)arecompounds(化合物;复合物)thataresettosolvesometoughchallenges:producingwaterinthedesert,removinggreenhousegasesfromtheairandstoringdangerousgasesmoresafely.TheArizonadesertisreallydry.Anyonestuckinitwithoutwaterwoulddiefromdehydration(脱水)withinthreedays,unlesshehadoneofOmarYaghi'snext-generationwaterharvesters,whoisachemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Althoughdaytimewetnessisonlyabout10percent,thisrisesto40percentatnight,whichmeansthere'senoughwaterintheatmospheretosupportlife-ifitcanbetransformedintoliquidform.That'sexactlywhatYaghi'sinventiondoes.It'saboutthesizeofasmallmicrowaveoven,designedtosuckthewaterfromtheairatnightandturnitintodrinkingwaterthenextdayusingonlytheheatofthesunasitspowersource.WhatmakesitworkisaspecialmaterialcalledaMOF,whichatnormaltemperaturesattractswatermolecules(分子)ontothesurfaceofitsinternalsmallholes.Warmitupandgetthewater,eachharvestproducingone-thirdofacupofpuredrinkingwater.Adevicethesizeofawashingmachinecouldproduceenoughwaterforthebasicneedsofahousehold,saysYaghi.Thesecrystalline(结晶的)groupsofmetalslinkedbyorganicmoleculescanbemadeintomaterialswithanextremelyhighabsorptionability,attractingspecificmoleculestotheirsurfaces.Inthisway,MOFsclingtoavarietyofliquidsandgases.MOFsworkthankstotheirdistinctivestructure.Infact,oneMOFthesizeofasugarcubehassomanysmallholesthattheywouldcoveranareaaslargeassixfootballfields.MOFsarealsoextremelystable,lightandhavemanydifferentuses:theirmolecularstructurecanbevariedtoattractspecificmolecules.AddingasmallamountofheatorpressurecausestheMOFtogivewhatit'sholding.Morethan70,000differentMOFshavebeenproducedtodateforvariousapplications.1．WhyistheArizonadesertmentionedinthesecondparagraph?A．Tointroducewaterharvesters.资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】B．Tostresstheimportanceofwater.C．Toshowtheseverityofitscondition.D．Toexpresstheurgentneedforwaterthere.2．Whatplaysavitalroleinwaterharvesters?A．Solarenergy.B．Watermolecules.C．Metal-organicframeworks.D．MOFs'internalsmallholes.3．Whichcanexplainthephraseclingtounderlinedinparagraph4?A．Giveoff.B．Tuminto.C．Holdonto.D．Breakdown.4．Whatwillprobablybecoveredinthefollowingparagraphs?A．ThefutureoftheMOFtechnology.B．OtherusesoftheMOFtechnology.C．TheimprovementtotheMOFtechnology.D．PossiblelimitationsoftheMOFtechnology.【答案】1．A2．C3．C4．B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了金属有机骨架(MOFs)的用途，结构和性能。1．推理判断题。由第二段“TheArizonadesertisreallydry.Anyonestuckinitwithoutwaterwoulddiefromdehydration（脱水）withinthreedays.Unless,thatis,theyhadoneofOmarYaghi’snext-generationwaterharvesters.”可知，亚利桑那沙漠非常干燥。任何没有水的人都会在三天内死于脱水。除非他们有奥马尔·亚吉的下一代水收集器，所以奥马尔·亚吉的下一代水收集器可以解决沙漠中缺水的问题。故判断出第二段提到亚利桑那沙漠是为了介绍水收集器。故选A。2．.细节理解题。由第三段“Whatmakesitworkisaspecialmaterialcalledametal-organicframework(MOF)...”可知，使它工作的是一种称为有机框架(MOF)的特殊的材料，所以金属有机框架在水收集器中起着至关重要的作用。故选C。3．词句猜测题。由第四段“Thesecrystallinecluster（结晶群）ofmetals,suchasaluminumormagnesium,linked资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】byorganicmoleculescanbemadeintomaterialswithanextremelyhighabsorptionability,attractingspecificmoleculestotheirsurface.Inthisway,MOFsclingtoavarietyofliquidsandgases.”可知，这些由有机分子连接的金属结晶群，例如铝或镁，可制成具有极高吸收能力的材料，将特定分子吸到其表面。可知划线词所在的句子意思是MOF就是通过这种方式紧紧吸附各种液体和气体。第四段中划线词clingto意思是holdonto“紧紧抓住”的意思。故选C。4．推理判断题。由最后一段“Morethan70,000differentMOFshavebeenproducedtodateforvariousapplications.”可知迄今为止，已有七万多种不同的MOF被生产用于各类实际应用中，所以我们通过短文最后一段的内容可以判断出，接下来的段落可能会涉及MOF科技的其它用途。故选B。2.（2023·江苏扬州·高三扬州中学期末）Onceacirclemissedawedge(楔子).Thecirclewantedtobewhole,soitwentaroundlookingforitsmissingpiece.Butbecauseitwasincompleteandthereforecouldrollonlyveryslowly,itadmiredtheflowersalongtheway.Itchattedwithworms.Itenjoyedthesunshine.Finallyitfoundapiecethatfitperfectly.Itwassohappy.Nowthatitwasaperfectcircle,itcouldrollveryfast,toofasttonoticeflowersortalktotheworms.Whenitrealizedhowdifferenttheworldseemedwhenitrolledsoquickly,itstopped,leftitsfoundpiecebythesideoftheroadandrolledslowlyaway.Insomestrangesensewearemorewholewhenwearemissingsomething.Themanwhohaseverythingisinsomewaysapoorman.Hewillneverknowwhatitfeelsliketoyearn,tohope,tonourish(滋润)hissoulwiththedreamofsomethingbetter.Hewillneverknowtheexperienceofhavingsomeonewholoveshimgivehimsomethinghehasalwayswantedorneverhad.Thereiswholenessaboutthepersonwhohascometotermswithhislimitations,whohasbeenbraveenoughtoletgoofhisunrealisticdreamsanddoesnotfeellikeafailurefordoingso.Thereiswholenessaboutthemanorwomanwhohaslearnedthatheorsheisstrongenoughtogothroughatragedy(悲剧)andsurvive—heorshecanlosesomeoneandstillfeellikeacompleteperson.Lifeismorelikeabaseballseason,wheneventhebestteamlosesonethirdofitsgamesandeventheworstteamhasitsdaysofbrilliance.Ourgoalistowinmoregamesthanwelose.Whenweacceptthatimperfectionispartofbeinghuman,andwhenwecancontinuerollingthroughlifeandappreciateit,wewillhaveachievedwholenessthatotherscanonlylongfor.5．Whichmaybeanexampleofbeingwhole?A．Apersonhaseverything.资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】B．Apersonacceptshisorherlimitations.C．Apersonlovessomeoneandisloved.D．Apersonfeelsbluefordroppingunrealisticgoals.6．Howisabaseballseasonsimil