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必修第一册Unit1TeenageLife高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解AInflammation(炎症)isthebody’sdefensemechanism.Youmighthaveexperienceditifyousustainedphysicalinjuriesorhadaninfection，liketheflu，whichcausesasorethroat.Inflammationcanoccurinanyorgan，butitismostcommonandeasytoseeintheskin.Youwillnoticeredness，heatandswelling.Usuallythisisagoodthing，asitshowsyouhaveahealthyimmunesystemthatcankillpathogens(病原体)andrepairdamage.However，inflammationcanbeadouble-edgedswordasinsomepeopleitcantargetthebody’shealthycells，causingwhatiscalledanautoimmunedisease.Giventhisdanger，anewstudyfromCambridgeUniversity，theUK，hasbeenlookingintobrainconditionsthatarenotusuallylinkedtoautoimmunediseases.Thestudyfoundthatinflammationofthebrain—knownasneuroinflammation(神经炎症)—hasbeenlinkedtoseveralformsofdementia(痴呆)．Inthisnewstudy，researchersscannedthebrainsof31volunteerswiththreedifferenttypesofdementia.Thefirstscanwastohighlightneuroinflammation，andasecondscanilluminated(阐明)poisonousproteinsthatarelinkedwithdementia.Theteamalsoexamined12post-mortem(afterdeath)brains.Theseexperimentsshowedsimilarpatternsofpoisonousproteinbuild-upandneuroinflammation，suggestingarelationshipbetweeninflammationanddementia.“Evenweweresurprisedbyhowtightlythesetwoproblemsmappedontoeachother.Now，thebigquestioniswhatrolethisneuroinflammationplaysinthedeclineofthemindassociatedwithdementia，”saidThomasCope，oneoftheauthorsofthestudy.Anotherofthestudy’sresearchers，JamesRowe，highlightedtheimportanceoffurtherresearch.Hesaidthefrequentpresenceofinflammationinneurodegenerative(神经退化的)diseases，includingAlzheimer’sandParkinson’sdisease，“offershopethatimmune-basedtreatmentsmighthelpsloworpreventtheseconditions”．语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项新发现，对神经炎症的研究有助于治疗神经退行性疾病。1．Whyisinflammationusuallyagoodthing?A．Itcandefendourbodyagainstinfection.B．Itallowsinjuriestohealthemselves.C．Itgiveslong-termprotectiontohealthycells.D．Itisareflectionofahealthyimmunesystem.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Usuallythisisagoodthing，asitshowsyouhaveahealthyimmunesystemthatcankillpathogens(病原体)andrepairdamage.”可知，炎症通常是一件好事，因为它反映了你有健康的免疫系统。故选D。2．WhatdidthestudyfromCambridgeUniversityfind?A．Neuroinflammationleadstodementia.B．Increasedpoisonousproteinsinthebraincausedementia.C．Therearelinksbetweenneuroinflammationanddementia.D．Poisonousproteinbuild-upandneuroinflammationhavedifferentpatterns.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，剑桥大学的这项研究发现，神经炎症和痴呆症之间存在联系。故选C。3．WhatisstillunknownaccordingtoThomasCope?A．Whyneuroinflammationisconnectedwithdementia.B．Howthedeclineofthemindisassociatedwithdementia.C．Howtopreventneuroinflammationfromdevelopingintodementia.D．Towhatextentneuroinflammationanddementiaarelinkedwitheachother.答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Now，thebigquestioniswhatrolethisneuroinflammationplaysinthedeclineofthemindassociatedwithdementia”可知，ThomasCope认为，我们依然不知道神经炎症和痴呆症在多大程度上是相互联系的。故选D。4．WhatcanbeinferredfromJamesRowe’swords?A．Inflammationisoneofthecausesofneuroinflammation.B．Immune-basedtreatmentswouldbethebestcurefordementia.C．Researchonneuroinflammationcouldhelptreatneurodegenerativediseases.D．Furtherresearchwillfocusonmethodsofcuttingpoisonousproteinsinthebrain.答案C解析推理判断题。最后一段JamesRowe说，神经退行性疾病，包括阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森氏症，经常出现炎症，这给基于免疫的治疗带来了希望，可能有助于减缓或预防这些疾病。由此推知，JamesRowe认为对神经炎症的研究有助于治疗神经退行性疾病。故选C。BAlmosteverymonth，anewpieceofresearchappearslinkingdietshighinprocessed“junk”foodswithobesityandpoorhealth.Itisn’tyetcleariftheyhaveacause-and-effectrelationship.Butdeeperresearchisstartingtoappearfromtrialsthatcomparedietswhicharebasedoneitherextremelyprocessedfoodsorwholefoods(天然食品)，yetarecarefullymatchedfornutrientsinallotherways.Thelinksneedinvestigatingasamatterofurgency.Iftheseprocessedfoodsreallydocarryessentialhealthrisks，itcouldmeanthatofficialadviceabouthealthyeatinghasbeenaimingatthewrongtargetfordecades.Inalmostallhigh-incomecountries，nutritionguidelinessaythekeytohealthyeatingisavoidingtoomuchfat，saltandsugar.Whilemanytypesofprocessedfoodcontainsignificantquantitiesofthesenot-well-thought-ofingredients，notalldo，andtherearewholefoodsthatarealsohighinsomeofthem.Redmeatandsomedairyproductscomewiththeirshareoffat，forinstance.Itisstillunclearifitisbettertoswitchto“healthier”low-fatversionsofprocessedfoods，ortocookfromscratch，whatevertheingredients.Equallynotcleariswhatactiongovernmentsshouldbetaking.Somecampaignersarenowcallingforhighertaxesonfactory-madefoods.Thatwouldbecontroversial，however，becausethesefoodsmakeupto60percentofpeople’sdietsincountriessuchastheUKandtheUS.Additionally，anypriceincreaseislikelytohitlower-incomehouseholdshardest，manyofwhichconsumemoreofsuchproductsbecauseprocessedfoodscanbecheaperthanmakingmealsfromtheiroriginalingredients，andthecostdifferenceisevengreaterifyoutakeintoaccountthetimetakentocookfromscratch.Ratherthantaxation，amostpracticalapproachmaybeforschoolstostartteachingpupilshowtomakequickandsimplehome-cookedmeals.Thisapproachwouldtakemanyyearstobearfruit，astheencroachment(侵蚀)ofprocessedfoodsintoWesterncuisinetookplaceoverdecades.Itisn’tgoingtobecompletelychangedovernight.语篇解读这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要以“加工食品与健康的关系”为话题进行了讲述。5．Whatcanbelearnedaboutprocessedfoods