搜索
选择性必修第一册Unit5WorkingtheLandⅠ.阅读理解AItwasanearlyblowtomyself-confidence.Iwasattendingmyfirstgroupmeetinginthelabasapostdoc，andIwaspleasedthatIcouldfollowmostofthediscussion.Then，infrontofeveryone，theprofessorturnedtomeandaskedaboutmypreviousaccomplishments.Ifroze.AsaPhDstudent，Ihadachievedlotstobeproudof.ButallofthosewereinmyhomecountryofBrazil.NowIwasinWashington，DCandIdidn’tknowwhattheword“accomplishment”meant.SoallIcouldsaywas“Idon’tknow”．IhaddecidedtodoapostdocabroadbecauseIthoughtthetrainingwouldhelpmesecureateachingposition.IappliedforandreceivedaBraziliangovernmentfellowshiptospend18monthsworkingabroadandgotapositioninalab.Itallseemedsoeasy—untilIactuallystarted.Inanewcountry，Istruggled.Afterthemortifyinglabmeetingincident，myconfidencetookanotherhit.ThepaperIintendedtopublishdidnotmaterialize.Iusedtobeinvitedtogivetalks.Now，Iwasaskedtospeakmoreslowlybecauseofmyaccent.Myconfidencewasdestroyed.Aftermonthsofself-doubt，IremindedmyselfthatIhadpotential.Ineededtodosomethingtoregainmyconfidence.IthoughtachangeofenvironmentmightbewhatIneeded.SoImadethemove.Inanothernewlab，Istillfeltinsecure.However，IwasdeterminedtomakethemostofthetimeIhad.Thereweremoreopportunitiestointeractwithothers，whichforcedmetotalkmore.Itwasawfulatfirst，butwithpracticeIbegantofeelmoreconfidentinmyEnglish.Iproposednewprojects.Ibegantoreceivepositivefeedbackonmypresentations.Myconfidenceisback.IfeelalittlelikeWonderWoman.Shewasastrongsoldierinherhomeland.Whensheleft，sheexperiencedobstaclesandfailuresonlytobecomeevenstrongerthanbefore.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在国外做博士后的经历，打击和磨难让作者变得更加坚强和自信。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph1referto?A．Ididn’tgiveaproperresponseinalabmeeting.B．ThepaperIintendedtopublishdidnotmaterialize.C．Iwasaskedtospeakmoreslowlybecauseofmyaccent.D．IremindedmyselfthatIhadpotential.答案A解析代词指代题。根据第一段可知，作者作为博士后参加了实验室的第一次小组会议，当被问到以前的成就，她愣住了，没有给出合适的回答。这件事让她的自信心受到了打击。故选A。2．Whatwastheauthor’sreactionwhenaskedaboutherpreviousachievements?A．Shefeltinsecure.B．Shekeptsilent.C．Shewasataloss.D．Shefeltproud.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“NowIwasinWashington，DCandIdidn’tknowwhattheword‘accomplishment’meant.SoallIcouldsaywas‘Idon’tknow’．”可知，当被问及她以前的成就时，作者不知所措。故选C。3．Whydidtheauthorgoabroad?A．Toapplyforgovernmentfellowship.B．Togetadoctor’sdegree.C．Tobuildherownlab.D．Togainexperienceforaposition.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段的“IhaddecidedtodoapostdocabroadbecauseIthoughtthetrainingwouldhelpmesecureateachingposition.”可知，作者出国是要为一个职位积累经验。故选D。4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ALabMeetingIncidentB．IFoundMyInsideWonderWomanC．Brazilians’ConfidenceImprovedD．PoorEnglishRuinedOpportunity答案B解析标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段的“Myconfidenceisback.IfeelalittlelikeWonderWoman.”可知，经历一番打击后，作者并没有灰心，而是果断采取行动，经过努力，她变得更加坚强和自信，感觉自己就像神奇女侠。所以B项“我找到了我内心的神奇女侠”适合作文章标题。故选B。BYouimproveyourrobot’ssoftwarebyimprovingitssoftware.AgrimGuptaofStanfordUniversity，however，begstodiffer.Hethinksyoucanalsoimprovearobot’ssoftwarebyimprovingitshardware.Heandhiscolleagueshaveinventedawayoftestingthisidea.Theybroughttotheirrobots，unimals，theprinciplesofevolution(进化)bynaturalselection.Unimals，withglobesforheadsandsticksforarmsandlegs，aresoftwarebeingsinteractingwithavirtualenvironment.Theenvironmentswheretheywanderedwereinthreevarieties:flatgrounds，groundswithhillsandsteps，andonesthathadthecomplexitiesofthesecondsort，butwithaddedobjects.Tobeginwith，theunimalswererandomlyassignedvariousshapes，butwithidenticalsoftware—derl.Newly-createdunimalslearnedtofacethechallengesinavirtualbootcamp.Theywerethenenteredintotournamentsingroups.Eachgroupwinnerwasawardedonemutation(变异)—oneextraarmorleg，oroneextraturninginajoint.Thenewreplacedtheoldestunimalandthenwasassignedtoanewgroup，andtheprocessrepeated.About4,000varietiesofthemunderwenttraining.Theteamweresurprisedbythediversityofshapesthatevolved.Crucially，though，theresearchersfoundthemostsuccessfulunimalslearnedtasksinhalfthetimetheiroldestancestorshadtaken，andthatthoseevolvinginthetoughestgroundswerethemostsuccessful.Inthisevolutionofunimals’morphology(形态)topromotetheabilitytolearn，DrGuptaseesaversionofsomethingcalledtheBaldwineffect.In1896JamesBaldwin，apsychologist，arguedthatmindsevolvetomakethebestuseofthemorphologiesofthebodies.WhatDrGuptahasshown，thoughinsoftware，isthattheoppositecanalsobetrue—changesinbodymorphologycanimprovethewaymindswork.Eventhoughheheldthesoftwareconstant，itbecamemoreefficientatlearningastheunimals’bodiesevolved.Whetherthatdiscoverycanbeturnedtoaccountinthewayrobotsaredevelopedremainstobeseen.Butthewayoftestingiscertainlyanout-of-the-boxidea.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了斯坦福大学的阿格里姆·古普塔认为可以通过改进硬件来改进机器人的软件，他和他的同事们发明了一种方法来验证这个想法。5．Howwasthetestconducted?A．Bypromotingunimals’learning.B．Byadjustingtheenvironments.C．Byprovingtheevolutiontheory.D．Bystimulatingunimals’mutation.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可推知，这个试验是通过调整环境来进行的。故选B。6．Whatturnedouttobesurprisinginthetest?A．Thenumberoftrainedunimals.B．Thedeclineintimeforlearningtasks.C．Thevarietyofevolvedshapes.D．Thereplacementofoldunimals.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Theteamweresurprisedbythediversityofshapesthatevolved.”可知，测试中令人惊讶的是进化出的各种形状。故选C。7