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选择性必修第三册Unit4AdversityandCourage高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解AUntilnow，scientistshaven’tbeenabletostudythenewrockonthemoon.ThenewsamplesfromChang’e5willchangethis.They’refromnearMonsRümker，avolcanicmountainwheretherockisthoughttobemuchyounger—about1billionyearsold.Therearealotofreasonsscientistsareeagertostudythisyoungerrock，oneofwhichisthatitcouldhelpusmorepreciselydatenotonlythemoon，butmanyrockyplanetsandotherobjects.Here’showthatworks:Scientistsdatelunarrockbyusingsomethingcalledachronologycurve(年代学曲线)，saysJolliff，ascientistatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis.Basically，theyestimatetheageoftherockbycountingthenumberofcratersintheareatherockcomesfrom;thoseincreaseasobjectsstriketherockovertime.Tomakethisestimation，scientistsneedtomatchthenumberofcraterstoapreciseage.Rightnow，theyonlyhavedatapointsforlunarrockthatis3to4billionyearsold.Moderntechniquescandatethenewsampleextremelyaccurately，andoncescientistsknowitspreciseage，theycanaddavaluabledatapointtotheirchronologycurve.Thedatingsystemwillalsohelpusmoreaccuratelyestimatetheageofallsortsofobjectsinspace，likerockyplanetsandothermoons.Anotherreasonscientistsarekeentostudythisyoungvolcanicrockistofindoutmoreabouthowvolcanismworksonthemoon.Jolliffsaysthatit’sunclearwhytherewasvolcanicactivityonthemoonforsuchalongperiodoftime.Mostofthemoon’svolcanicactivity，hesays，isthoughttohaveoccurred3or4billionyearsago，whenthemoonwasstillprettyyoung.Butsincethemoondoesnothaveplatestructure，whichdrivesvolcanismonEarth，it’sunclearwhatcouldhavecausedmuchlatervolcanicactivity.“That’ssomethingthatyoucanfindoutofthesamplesbystudyingtheminthelab，”Jolliffsays.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。嫦娥五号带回的样本使得研究月球上的新岩石成为可能，而研究这种岩石的好处是什么呢？文章对此进行了说明。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph1referto?A．Thefactofbeingunabletostudythenewrock.B．ThenewrockfromnearMonsRümker.C．Oneofthereasonstostudythemoon’snewrock.D．Thestudyofthemoon’syoungerrock.答案A解析代词指代题。根据第一段中“Untilnow，scientistshaven’tbeenabletostudythenewrockonthemoon.”并结合画线词所在句可推断，this指的是上文中提到的“科学家无法研究月球上的新岩石”这一事实。故选A。2．Scientistsresearchthisyoungerrockbecausetheycan.A．ensuretherewasvolcanicactivityonthemoonB．morepreciselydateonlythemoonC．datelunarrockbyusingachronologycurveD．explorehowvolcanismworksonthemoon答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，科学家们研究这些新岩石是因为他们能够探索月球上的火山活动是如何发生的。故选D。3．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Scientistsarekeentostudythisyoungvolcanicrock.B．Scientistscan’tknowwhyvolcanicactivityexistsonthemoon.C．Themoon’svolcanicactivityoccurred3or4billionyearsago.D．It’sclearwhatcouldhavecausedmuchlatervolcanicactivity.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Butsincethemoondoesnothaveplatestructure，whichdrivesvolcanismonEarth，it’sunclearwhatcouldhavecausedmuchlatervolcanicactivity.”可推断，科学家们不知道月球上为什么会有火山活动。故选B。4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．HowScientistsStudytheYoungerRockB．WhytheResearchIsImportantC．WhytheYoungerRockIsWorthStudyingD．WhatScientistsDotoStudytheYoungerRock答案C解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章首段前两句引出了科学家能对月球上的新岩石进行研究的话题，接下来对研究这种岩石的好处进行了说明。因此C项(为什么新岩石值得研究)能够准确概括文章大意，适合作为标题。故选C。BIn2016，inanIllinoistowncalledCahokia，awomanwassenttoprisonjustbecauseshefailedtotendherlawn(草坪)．In2019，aFloridamanwasfined$30,000bythecityofDunedinforallowinghisgrasstogrowmorethan10inchesinheight.Theseexamples，whileextreme，arenotrareoccurrenceinAmerica.Astudyestimatedthatturfgrasses(lawns，parks，athleticfields，etc.)coverover40millionacresinthecontinentalU．S.，anarealargerthananycroparea.AndAmericansspendasmuchas$60billionayearmaintainingthesegrasses.TheseimpressivedataaretheresultofAmericans’settingmuchstorebythesepiecesofgreeneryforseveralcenturies.Centuriesago，onlythosewithconsiderablewealthcouldowntheresourcesneededtomaintainthesedisplays.Inthemodernworld，lawnshavegraduallychangedfromtheestatesofthewealthytothefrontyardsofcommonpeople.AcrossAmerica，millionsoffamiliesnowproudlypresenttheirgrasstotheirneighborsanddriversbycarefullyweeding，watering，fertilizingandmowingthesesmall-scalerepresentationsofthegrounds.Withthiscontextinmind，it’seasytoseewell-tendedlawnsinAmerica.Peopletendtouselawnstocreateanimpressionoforderortoindicateasenseofpersonalsuccess.Therelativehealthandattractivenessofthegrassintheiryardbecomesabarometer(晴雨表)fortheirlifeasawhole.However，withsomanyacrescoveredbythegrass，theinfluenceassociatedwithlawnmaintenanceismorethanjustpsychological.Tobeginwith，alawnrequiresmassivequantitiesofresourcestosustain.TheU．S.DepartmentofAgricultureestimatesthatlawnsaccountforabouthalfofhomeowner’swateruse，muchofwhichiswasted.Additionally，Americansarereportedtouse80millionpoundsofchemicalsontheirlawnseachyear.Theprocessoftendingthelawnalsocontributestoairpollution.Thesesurprisingdatameanweneedtoquestionwhetherlawnsprovideuswithenoughbenefittojustifytheirwidespreadexistence.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。美国人对草坪的情有独钟有着历史渊源，但大面积的草坪对环境有着重大的负面影响。5．Whyarethetwolawn-relatedcasesmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A．ToexplaintheeffectivenessofAmericanlaws.B．ToshowthesignificanceoflawnsinAmericansociety.C．TostressAmericans’awarenessofenvironmentalprotection.D．TorevealthecostofmaintaininglawnsinAmericans’dailylife.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段介绍的两个案例并结合下文美国人对草坪的喜爱与重视可知，作者通