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专题18阅读理解（说明文）刷大题、提能力1.（云南师范大学附属中学2023年高三试题）Lately,it’sfeltliketechnologicalchangehasenteredanincrediblespeed.CompanieslikeOpenAIandGooglehaveunveilednewArtificialIntelligencesystemswithincrediblecapabilities,makingwhatonceseemedlikesciencefictionaneverydayreality.It’sanerathatisraisingbig,existentialquestionsforusall,abouteverythingfromthefutureofhumanexistencetothefutureofhumanwork.“Thingsarechangingsofast,”saysErikBrynjolfsson,aleading,technology-focusedeconomistbasedatStanfordUniversity.Ashenotes,thisnewwaveoftechnologicalchangelookslikeitcouldbeprettydifferent.Unlikebefore,experiencedandskilledworkersbenefitedmostlyfromAItechnology.Inthisnewwave,it’sthelessexperiencedandlessskilledworkerswhobenefitthemost.“Andthatmightbehelpfulintermsofclosingsomeoftheinequalitythatprevioustechnologiesactuallypromoted,”Brynjolfssonsays.Soonebenefitofintelligencemachinesis—maybe—theywillimprovetheknow-howandsmartsoflowperformers,therebyreducinginequality.Butit’salsopossiblethatAIcouldlowertheprofitoftheexperienced,smart,orknowledgeableones.AIcouldreduceinequalitybybringingthebottomup,anditcouldalsoreduceinequalitybybringingthetopandmiddledown.Ofcourse,asErikput,it’salsopossiblethatAlcouldendupincreasinginequalityevenmore.Forone,itcouldmaketheBigAIcompanies,whichownthesepowerfulnewsystems,wildlyrich.Itcouldalsoempowerbusinessownerstoreplacemoreandmoreworkerswithintelligentmachines.Anditcouldkilljobsforallbutthebestofthebestinvariousindustries,whokeeptheirjobsbecausemaybethey’resuperstarsorbecausemaybetheyhaveseniority.TheeffectsofAI,ofcourse,arestillverymuchbeingstudied-andthesesystemsareevolvingfast—sothisisjustanassumption.Thismachineintelligencecouldupendmuchofthepreviousthinkingonwhichkindsofjobswillbeaffectedbyautomation.1．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theknow-howandsmarts”meaninparagraph2?A．Experienceandintelligence.B．Skillsandpotential.C．Abilitiesandexperience.D．Outlookandtalents.2．WhowillgainmoreinthisnewAIera?A．Theseniorwithhighrank.B．Thenewwithlittleexperience.C．Thelearnedwithgreatcredit.D．Thepoorwithpracticalskills.3．WhichstatementwillErikprobablyagreewith?A．ThefastdevelopmentofAIwillpromotethedivisionofinequality.B．ThebestofallwalksoflifewillsurvivethecompetitionagainstAIsystems.C．GiantAIcompanieswillbethewinnerinthefutureworldofnewAIsystems.D．Lowerrankworkerswithlittleknowledgeareboundtobeabandonedbyemployers.4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheFastGrowthoftheWorldB．TheInfluenceoftheInequalityC．TheImpactoftheAISystemD．TheFutureoftheAIGeneration2.（2023-2024学年湖南省名校大联考英语试题）PFASarefoundinnonstickpans,water-prooffabricsandfoodpackaging.They'recalledforeverchemicalsbecauseoftheirabilitytostickaroundandnotbreakdown.Now,usingabitofheatandtworelativelycommoncompounds,researchershavedegraded(降解)thechemicalinthelab.WhilesomescientistshavefoundrelativelysimplewaysofbreakingdownselectPFAS,mostdegradationmethodsrequireharshprocessesusingintensepressure—insomecasesover22mega-pascals—orextremelyhightemperatures—sometimesupwardsof1,000℃—tobreakthechemicalbonds.WilliamDichtel,fromNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston,andhisteamexperimentedwithtwosubstancesfoundinnearlyeverychemistrylab;sodiumhydroxide(氢氧化钠),alsoknownaslye,andasolvent(溶剂)calledDMSO.TheteamworkedspecificallyonagroupofforeverchemicalswhichcontainalargepercentageofPFAS.WhentheteamcombinedchemicalswiththelyeandDMSOat120℃andwithnoextrapressureneeded,thecarbolicacid(羧酸)felloffthechemicalsandbecamecarbondioxide.Whathappenednextwasunexpected,Dichtelsaid.Thelossoftheacidhelpeddegradethechemicalsintofluorideions(氟离子)andsmallercarbon-containingproducts,leavingbehindnoharmfulby-products.It'saneatmethod;it'sdifferentfromothersthathavebeentried,saysChrisSales,anenvironmentalengineeratDrexelUniversityinPhiladelphiawhowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Thebiggestquestionishowthiscouldbeadaptedandscaledup.Understandingthismechanismisjustonestepinundoingforeverchemicals,Salessaid.Thisprocesswouldn'tworktodealwithPFASintheenvironment,becauseitrequiresaconcentratedamountofthechemicals,butitcouldonedaybeusedinwastewatertreatmentplants,wherethepollutantscouldbefilteredoutofthewater,concentratedandthenbrokendown.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutthepreviouswaystobreakdownPFAS?A.They'reeco-friendly.B.They'vebeenwidelyused.C.They'redifficulttooperate.D.They'reregardedasuseless.6.Whatdidtheteamdointheirexperiment?A.Theyexperimentedwithdifferentsolvents.B.Theytriedtwoverycommonsubstances.C.Theytestedeverygroupofforeverchemicals,D.Theyexposedchemicalstoextremetemperatures.7.Whatmadetheresearchersmostsurprisedintheirexperiment?A.Environmentally-friendlyreactionsoccurred.B.Thecarboxylicacidbecamecarbondioxide.C.Noextrapressurewasneededforthetrial.D.ThelyeandDMSOcouldworkat120℃,8.WhatcanweinferfromChrisSales'words?A.ItisdifficulttodealwithPFASintheenvironment.B.Thismechanismwillsoonbeusedintheenvironment.C.Themethodwillbeappliedtodifferentkindsofchemicals.DMoreresearchisneededbeforethemethodiswidelyused.3.（江西省宜丰中学2023年高三试题）Somepeoplesaythattheplanetisgettingsmaller,thattherearefewplaceslefttoexplore,andthatth