专题20阅读理解(主旨大意题)刷大题、提能力1.(2023·广东深圳·高三统考期末)Bostonwantstobesmarter.Thecityhastakenadvantageoftechnologiestobecomemoreresponsivetoitsresidents'needs.Buttechnologyaloneisnotsufficienttomaketoday'scitiesliveable.Bostonhasdiscoveredthatitalsoneedstoreachtheold-fashionedlow-techcommunityandintegratethattechnologywithcitylife.KrisCarterrolledoutBoston'ssmartcityprogramin2014.ItstartedwithanAppthatresidentscoulddownloadtoreportlocationswheresidewalksneededrepair.Thecitysortedoutthosereportsandrankedtheminadatabase,whichrepaircrewsusedtoprioritizetheirwork.Thesystemworkedbeautifully,exceptforoneproblem:mostofthealerts(警报)camefromwealthierneighborhoods,wheretheconcentrationofsmartphone-equippedresidentswashighest."ThecomplaintsfromtheAppdidn'talwayscorrelatewiththegreatestcommunityneedforrepairs,explainsCarter.Carter'sgrouphasmovedawayfromthemodelcommontomanysmartcityinitiativesoflettingtech-savvy(精通技术的)residentsdrivetheprocess.Instead,theyrunmeetingstofindoutwhatproblemspeopleindifferentneighborhoodscareaboutsolving.Whenitcametosidewalks,Bostonintroducedasecondmethodofcollectingrepairtips,hiringpeopletogetoutandwalkthecity's1,700milesofsidewalkstotakenotesontheircondition.Whetherusinglow-techorhigh-techapproaches,saysCarter,tostaysmart,acityneedstocontinuallyreassessitsoptionstospotopportunitiestoimproveresidents'lives.Takethesidewalkrepairprogram,walkingonthestreetswasprovedauseful,ifinefficientwaytoprioritizerepairneeds.Butlastyearthegroupfoundthatwalkers'mobilephonescouldbetrackedastheymovedalongthestreets,andthatdatacouldbeanalyzedtoidentifysidewalkrouteswhicharemostoftenusedbyneighborhoods.“Combinedwithourothersidewalkinformation,thatgaveusanevenbetterwaytopredictwherefasterrepairswoulddothemostgood,saysCarter,We'rereallyalwayslookingforwhatevermixofapproachesbestsolvestheproblem.1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thecitizens'life.B.Thecity'sreputation.C.Thecity'smanagement.D.Thebenefitsoftechnology.2.WhatproblemdidKrisCarter'steammeetwhencarryingouttheirprogram?A.Theyfacedmanytechnicalobstacles.B.Theycouldn'tserveallresidentswell.C.Theywerenotsupportedbyresidents.D.Theywereannoyedbybeingshort-staffed.3.WhichofthefollowingmightKrisCartermostagreewith?A.Maximizingthebenefitsoftechnology.B.Mixingapproachesforsolvingproblems.C.Givingfullplaytothepowerofresidents.D.Lettingtechcompaniesbealeadingrole.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ASmartCity:MoreThanJustTechB.ACitywithIntelligentFacilitiesC.Joint-effortinCityConstructionD.TheModernizationofaCity2.(2023·广东潮州·统考二模)In2006,documentswerepublishedbytheUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA).TheysuggestedthatclonedanimalsandclonedanimalproductswouldbeallowedintotheAmericanfoodsupply.TheFDAhasstatedthatclonedanimalproductsaresafeforconsumption,andhasperformedmanystudiestosupportthisview.Infact,productsfromclonedanimalshavealreadybeeneatenbysomeAmericanswithoutilleffects.TheFDAanalyzedthestructure(结构)andcontentofclonedanimalproductsandcompareditwiththatoftraditionallyreproducedanimals,anddiscoverednostatisticaldifferencebetweenthetwo.Consumersraisedseriousconcernsaboutclonedanimals.Thefirstisthequestionofwhetherornotclonedtissueandanimalproductsaretrulysafe.Thesecondisthatmanyclonesarealsogeneticallymodified(转基因的)animals,whichtheFDAhassaidareunsafeforhumanconsumption.Thethirdisthatconsumerswanttobeabletochoosewhattheyputintotheirbodies.Thefirstconcernaboutclonedanimalsisalmostunnecessaryduetothepriceofproducingaclone.Makingacloneneedshardworkandisverycostly.Thesecloneslivespoiledlivesbecausetheyareveryvaluable,despitebiologists'warningthatclonedanimalsdecreasediversity.Thesecondconcern,aboutgeneticmodificationofclonedanimals,ismoreproblematic.Itmaybeverydifficulttoseparategeneticallymodifiedanimalsfromnormalones.Thepurposeofgeneticallymodifiedclonedanimalsisunclear,andtheFDAhasn'tallowedtheirproductsontothemarket,duetohealthconcerns,buttheriskofgeneticpollutionofhealthyanimalsstillexists.Finally,thematterofchoiceisalargeone.Manyanimalrightsactivistsareworriedaboutclonerightsbecauseclonedornot,theanimalsstillhavelives.Otherconsumersaresimplytryingtoeathealthyfoods,andhavedoubtsabouttheclonedanimals.IftheFDAdoesnotmakelabeling(贴标签)laws,peoplemaynotbeabletomakeinformedchoicesabouttheirfood.5.WhydidtheFDAallowclonedanimalproductsforconsumption?A.Theyappealtoconsumersverymuch.B.Theydifferfromtraditionalanimalproducts.C.Theytastebetterthannormalanimalproducts.D.Theyhavebeenprovedsafeinseveralaspects.6.Whatdoweknowaboutproducingclonesofanimals?A.Ittakesmuchmoreeffortsandmoney.B.Itprovidessomenewmedicalbenefits.C.Itneedslesstimethanraisinganimals.D.Ithelpsincreasethediversityofanimals.7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Clonedanimalsshouldbeforbiddentoentermarket.B.Clonedanimalsshouldhavethesamerightsashumans.C.Lawsshouldbemadetoprotectpeople'srighttochoosefood.D.Animalrightsactivistsarestronglyagainstclonedanimalproducts.8.What'sthetextmainlyabout?A.Doubtsaboutclonedanimalsrights.B.Discussionsabouthowtocloneanimals.C.Concernsaboutanimalcloningtechnology.D.Worries