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专题23阅读理解（细节理解题）刷大题、提能力1.（2023·江苏·高三扬州中学模拟测试）Metal-organicframeworks(MOFs)arecompounds(化合物;复合物)thataresettosolvesometoughchallenges:producingwaterinthedesert,removinggreenhousegasesfromtheairandstoringdangerousgasesmoresafely.TheArizonadesertisreallydry.Anyonestuckinitwithoutwaterwoulddiefromdehydration(脱水)withinthreedays,unlesshehadoneofOmarYaghi'snext-generationwaterharvesters,whoisachemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Althoughdaytimewetnessisonlyabout10percent,thisrisesto40percentatnight,whichmeansthere'senoughwaterintheatmospheretosupportlife-ifitcanbetransformedintoliquidform.That'sexactlywhatYaghi'sinventiondoes.It'saboutthesizeofasmallmicrowaveoven,designedtosuckthewaterfromtheairatnightandturnitintodrinkingwaterthenextdayusingonlytheheatofthesunasitspowersource.WhatmakesitworkisaspecialmaterialcalledaMOF,whichatnormaltemperaturesattractswatermolecules(分子)ontothesurfaceofitsinternalsmallholes.Warmitupandgetthewater,eachharvestproducingone-thirdofacupofpuredrinkingwater.Adevicethesizeofawashingmachinecouldproduceenoughwaterforthebasicneedsofahousehold,saysYaghi.Thesecrystalline(结晶的)groupsofmetalslinkedbyorganicmoleculescanbemadeintomaterialswithanextremelyhighabsorptionability,attractingspecificmoleculestotheirsurfaces.Inthisway,MOFsclingtoavarietyofliquidsandgases.MOFsworkthankstotheirdistinctivestructure.Infact,oneMOFthesizeofasugarcubehassomanysmallholesthattheywouldcoveranareaaslargeassixfootballfields.MOFsarealsoextremelystable,lightandhavemanydifferentuses:theirmolecularstructurecanbevariedtoattractspecificmolecules.AddingasmallamountofheatorpressurecausestheMOFtogivewhatit'sholding.Morethan70,000differentMOFshavebeenproducedtodateforvariousapplications.1．WhyistheArizonadesertmentionedinthesecondparagraph?A．Tointroducewaterharvesters.B．Tostresstheimportanceofwater.C．Toshowtheseverityofitscondition.D．Toexpresstheurgentneedforwaterthere.2．Whatplaysavitalroleinwaterharvesters?A．Solarenergy.B．Watermolecules.C．Metal-organicframeworks.D．MOFs'internalsmallholes.3．Whichcanexplainthephraseclingtounderlinedinparagraph4?A．Giveoff.B．Tuminto.C．Holdonto.D．Breakdown.4．Whatwillprobablybecoveredinthefollowingparagraphs?A．ThefutureoftheMOFtechnology.B．OtherusesoftheMOFtechnology.C．TheimprovementtotheMOFtechnology.D．PossiblelimitationsoftheMOFtechnology.2.（2023·江苏扬州·高三扬州中学期末）Onceacirclemissedawedge(楔子).Thecirclewantedtobewhole,soitwentaroundlookingforitsmissingpiece.Butbecauseitwasincompleteandthereforecouldrollonlyveryslowly,itadmiredtheflowersalongtheway.Itchattedwithworms.Itenjoyedthesunshine.Finallyitfoundapiecethatfitperfectly.Itwassohappy.Nowthatitwasaperfectcircle,itcouldrollveryfast,toofasttonoticeflowersortalktotheworms.Whenitrealizedhowdifferenttheworldseemedwhenitrolledsoquickly,itstopped,leftitsfoundpiecebythesideoftheroadandrolledslowlyaway.Insomestrangesensewearemorewholewhenwearemissingsomething.Themanwhohaseverythingisinsomewaysapoorman.Hewillneverknowwhatitfeelsliketoyearn,tohope,tonourish(滋润)hissoulwiththedreamofsomethingbetter.Hewillneverknowtheexperienceofhavingsomeonewholoveshimgivehimsomethinghehasalwayswantedorneverhad.Thereiswholenessaboutthepersonwhohascometotermswithhislimitations,whohasbeenbraveenoughtoletgoofhisunrealisticdreamsanddoesnotfeellikeafailurefordoingso.Thereiswholenessaboutthemanorwomanwhohaslearnedthatheorsheisstrongenoughtogothroughatragedy(悲剧)andsurvive—heorshecanlosesomeoneandstillfeellikeacompleteperson.Lifeismorelikeabaseballseason,wheneventhebestteamlosesonethirdofitsgamesandeventheworstteamhasitsdaysofbrilliance.Ourgoalistowinmoregamesthanwelose.Whenweacceptthatimperfectionispartofbeinghuman,andwhenwecancontinuerollingthroughlifeandappreciateit,wewillhaveachievedwholenessthatotherscanonlylongfor.5．Whichmaybeanexampleofbeingwhole?A．Apersonhaseverything.B．Apersonacceptshisorherlimitations.C．Apersonlovessomeoneandisloved.D．Apersonfeelsbluefordroppingunrealisticgoals.6．Howisabaseballseasonsimilartolife?A．Easycome,easygo.B．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.C．Energyandpersistenceconquerallthings.D．Somebattlesyouwinandsomebattlesyoulose.7．Howdoestheauthorclarifyhisidea?A．Mainlybycomparing.B．Mainlybyreasoning.C．Mainlybyinforming.D．Mainlybyarguing.8．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PursueperfectioninlifeB．BewholeinlifeC．LifewithoutmistakesiswholeD．Nopains,nogains3.（2023·福建省永春第一中学阶段练习）JeremyfromAmericacannotunderstandwhyaladyhemetoutsidetheHydeParkinLondonsaid,“Ooh,isn’titcold?”,andhethinksofthisbehaviourasadistinctivelyEnglishconcernabouttheweather.Infact,thefemalewasjusttryingtostrikeupaconversationwithJeremy.Notnecessarilyalongconversation—justanexchangeofgreetings.Itisnotalwaysquitethatobvious,butallEnglishweatherconversationshaveadistinctivestructureconductedaccordingtounwrittenbutacceptedrules.Theunpredictablenatureofourweatherensuresthatthereisalwayssomethingnewtocommenton,orperhapsmostimportantly,agreeabout.Wehavealreadyestablishedthatweather-speakgreetingslike“Cold,isn’tit?”requiretheresponseexpressingagreement,asin“Yes,isn’tit?”.Itwouldbeveryrudetorespondwith“No,