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1综合测试（基础篇）阅读理解+七选五时间：40分钟满分：50分姓名__________得分________阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节(每题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列文章，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AALookatFouroftheWorld-famousCollegesUniversityCollegeLondon,England.UnitedKingdomThisuniversitywasfoundedwiththeintentofopeningeducationequallyandtoall.In1878,UniversityCollegeLondonbeganadmittingwomenusingthesameadmissionstandardsmenwereheldto.ThecollegewasthefirstintheUnitedKingdomtoacceptstudentsfromanyclassorreligion.Tuition(学费)foreachstudentcomesinat$31,000.Thispricedoesincludefeesforhousing,food,travelexpensesandinsurance.UniversityofMelbourne,Melbourne,AustraliaItopenedin1853andisknownforitsoutstandingresearchandteachingprograms.Researchattheuniversityinthe1970sledtoacochlearimplant(人工耳蜗),givingmorethan200,000patientsworldwidehearing.Parentsofnativestudentsexpecttopay$24,500forthefirstterm’stuitionandanother$19,500forroomandboardinresidentialhousing.UniversityofCambridge,England,UnitedKingdomRecordsoftheuniversityreachbackto1209whentheareawasanancientRomantradingpost,makingitthesecondoldestuniversityintheUK.Cambridgecurrentlyhas21,000studentswitharound1,300ofthosecomingfrom65differentcountries.Tuitionforthebachelorprogramslikeengineeringreaches$31,000.SarahLawrenceCollege,NewYork,UnitedStatesItisknownforadiversestudentbodycomingfrom53differentcountries.Theteacher/studentratio(比例)andpersonalizedcoursesofstudyattractstudentsfromtheUnitedStatesandabroad.Undergraduatescarrying30creditswillpay$51,196fortuition.ThecosttoattendSarahLawrencemayseemprohibitivetomany,butadegreefromthishonouredcollegecanopenmanydoorsforgraduates.1．WhendidUniversityCollegeLondonstarttoadmitwomenonequaltermswithmen?2A．In1209.B．In1853.C．In1878.D．In1887.2．Whichcollegedevelopedadevicetobenefitpeoplewithhearingloss?A．UniversityofMelbourne.B．SarahLawrenceCollege.C．UniversityofCambridge.D．UniversityCollegeLondon.3．Whatdothelasttwocollegeshaveincommon?A．Theyjustofferthebachelorprograms.B．Theyfeaturethehighestcostofboard.C．TheyarelocatedintheUnitedKingdom.D．Theyarefavouredbyinternationalstudents.BJimfoundhimselfexhaustedduringatrip.Whenhecamehome,hewenttoseeadoctor.“ThereasonIwastired,”Jimsays,“wasthatmykidneys(肾脏)weregone.”Jim,69,aformerAirForcepilot,immediatelystarteddialysis(透析)threedaysaweek.Apersonofhisageondialysisusuallylivesonlyaboutfouryears.Transplantsarealong-shotalternative.TheNationalKidneyFoundationestimatesthat13peopledieeverydaywhilewaitingforadonorwiththerightbloodandtissuetypes.Jim’swife,nephewandfourfamilyfriendsofferedbutweren’tamatch.JimwassodiscouragedthathewasevenconsideringnotattendingareunionofsomeAirForcebuddies(铁哥们).Buthiswifeencouragedhimtoreunitewithhisoldfriends,amongwhomwasonehehadn’tseenin50years:DougCoffman.ThetwohadmetwhentheybothwerelearningVietnamesebeforetheywentoverseas.Doug,then70,feltastrongbondwithhisbandofbrothers,eventhoughhehadn’tseensomeofthemindecades.Theirconnectionwentbeyondthebattlefieldinwaysmostsoldiersneverexperience.Doughadreceivedhelpfromhisfriendswhenhewasintrouble,sohefeltlikeitwasatimethathecouldpaythataheadbydonatingakidneytoJim.Fortunately,seriesoftestingrevealednotonlythatDoug’stissuetypematchedJim’sbutalsothathehadthekidneysofa35-year-old.Thetransplantwasasuccess.“It’sprettymiraculoustobeabletotakeanorganoutofoneperson’sbody—alivingorgan—putitinanotherperson’sbody,andhaveitwork,”Dougsays.“Andthere’snothingfinerthanknowingI’vehelpedanotherpersonliveabetterlife.”4．FromthistextweknowthatKidneytransplantis________.A．ExpensiveB．dangerousC．amatterofluckD．anunwisechoice5．HowoldwasJimwhenhewentoverseas?A．About17.B．About19.C．About22.D．About25.6．WhatcanweinferfromDoug’swordsinthelastparagraph?A．DougishappytodonateakidneytoJim.B．JimishavingabetterlifethanDoug.C．Thekidneytransplantisverysuccessful.D．Modernmedicalscienceisveryadvanced.7．Whatisthethemeofthistext?A．Goodluck.B．Anoperation.C．Payingitforward.D．Goodrelationship.CWhatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:we3knowofjustonetypeoflifeandit’schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificiallife-calledALifeforshort—isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife’sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so-calledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield’sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything.”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat’stheworthofartificiallife?’Doyoueverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?’”AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch’sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife’scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution(演化).Thisisthecapacityforasystemtocreateessentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasortof“noveltygenerator”.Theon