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1考点13不定式（核心考点精讲精练）1.三年真题考点分布考点题型不定式语法填空2023试卷类型不定式考点2023·新高考Ⅰ卷tobite不定式作宾语2023·新高考Ⅰ卷tobelifted动词不定式作宾语补足语2023·全国甲卷toteach动词不定式作目的状语20222022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷tosee目的状语2022·全国高考乙卷Tostrengthen目的状语2022·新高考I卷toincrease目的状语2022·全国甲卷tojourney作后置定语20212021新课标II卷toeducate目的状语2021全国甲卷towalk主语2021全国乙tohave目的状语2.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于不定式的考查共计10次，主要考查：1．不定式作目的状语；2．不定式作定语；3.不定式作宾补；4.不定式作主语和宾语；5.不定式的各种形式及其意义。【备考策略】系统归类不定式的用法，尤其是不定式作目的状语；熟练掌握不定式的各种形式的意义和用法。【命题预测】语法填空对不定式的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中考查不定式作目的状语。基础知识：时态主动式被动式一般式todotobedone2完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing-----------------完成进行式tohavebeendoing-----------------●不定式的否定形式在to前加上not或者never。重难点知识：考点1不定式作主语1.【2021·英语全国甲卷】Itispossible______(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.【答案】towalk【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it+be+adj+todosth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填towalk。2.[2021·八省1月联考）]Fortunately,nowadaysitismucheasier________（make）eco-friendlylifestylechoices.【答案】tomake【解析】考查不定式。幸运的是，现在更容易选择环保的生活方式。此处it是形式主语，后面的不定式短语作真正的主语。故填tomake。【方法指导】1．不定式作主语：动词用单数。Todomorningexercisesisusefulforourhealth.2．表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时，多用doing作主语。3．在下列两个句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；ofsb和forsb是不定式的逻辑主语：A.Itis/was+形容词（ofsb）todosth.【赞扬，责备的形容词通常用ofsb作逻辑主语：wrong,right,kind,nice,brave,careful,careless,greedy,honest,lazy,modest,selfish,thoughtful,impolite,polite,clever,foolish,silly,stupid,cruel,rude,generous，considerate…】B.Itis/was+形容词（forsb）todosth.【以下形容词通常用forsb作逻辑主语：easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,impossible,possible,safe,dangerous,unusual,wonderful…。多数情况都用forsb作逻辑主语。】1)Itispolite(ofyou)torespecttheold.2)Itisimportant(forus)todoastheRomansdo.3)It’simportantforthefigurestobeupdatedregularly.It’simportantforthefigures_________________regularly.【答案】tobeupdated【解析】考查不定式。数据定期更新是很重要的。此处it是形式主义，后面的动词不定式的复合结构是真正的主语。数据是被更新的，故用不定式的被动式。故填tobeupdated。考点2不定式作目的状语31.（2023·全国甲卷语法填空）Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)61.(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.【答案】toteach【解析】考查不定式。句意:几千年来,人们讲寓言故事或为了教课或为了传递智慧。根据空后的ortopassonwisdom可知,此处和后文是并列关系,故填toteach。2.[2021·浙江1月]Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzeesuse________（communicate）.【答案】tocommunicate【解析】考查不定式。研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义。此处不定式作目的状语，原句理解为wildchimpanzeesusegesturestocommunicate。故填tocommunicate。3.[2020·海南卷]______(survive)intheforest,animalsmustclimb,jumporflyacrossthegaps.【答案】Tosurvive【解析】考查不定式。为了在森林中生存，动物们必须在缝隙间攀爬、跳跃或飞行。此处是不定式作目的状语。故填Tosurvive。【方法指导】1.不定式作目的状语：1)Tocompletetheprojectintime,theworkerswillhavetoworkdayandnight.2)Tobeawinner,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.3)Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlinetosavetheirvaluabletime.4)Youmustsetoutatonceinordernot(soasnot)tobelateforschool.5)Manypeoplehavetowearglassesto/inorderto/soastoseedistantobjectsclearly.=To/inordertoseedistantobjectsclearly,manypeoplehavetowearglasses.(soasto一般不放在句首)2.to不定式可作目的状语，doing也可作目的状语。区别是doing前常有一个逗号。1)Themanhascometothetown,lookingforhislostwife.2)Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention,tryingnottomissanypoint．3.为了做…,某人尽所能；尽力做…dowhatsbcantodosth:doall(that)sbcantodosth:doeverything/anything(that)sbcantodosth:1)Youmustdoeverythingthatyoucantosavethewoman'slife.2)Thefarmersoughttodowhattheycantogetinallthericebeforetheheavyrain.3)Weshoulddoall(that)wecantohelpthepoorpeopletolivethroughthewinter.4.不定式作结果状语：so/such…asto…:(如此…以致…)enough…to…:(足够)onlyto…:(结果)4neverto…:(结果再也没有)too…to…:(太…而不能…)1)Shewassosillyastogiveallhermoneytothecheat.2)Theycameheresoearlyastoseethefamousfilmstars.3)Iamnotsuchafoolastobelievethatkindofthing.4)TheboyisoldenoughtojointheRoyalArmy.5)Mymother’sunclewentabroadin1936,nevertocomebackhomeagain.◆onlytodo/bedone:可译为：“结果…”这是一种预料之外的结果。常含有“惊讶，失望，放心”之意。onlydoingsth.表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果。1)Shehurriedtothestation,onlytobetoldthatthe9:45trainhadleft.2)Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.3)Hisfatherdied,(only)leavinghim1000pounds.●a.too+形/副+todosth:太…而不能做。不定式为结果状语。1)Theboyistooyoungtoattendschool.2)Themanisrunningtooslowlytocatchupwithhisworkmates.●b.too+形/副+todosth:非常/很…做。这种用法too后的形容词常是：easy,anxious,eager,willing,glad,pleased,ready,satisfied等,并且too前常有not,only,but,all,just。1)Wearenottoosorrytoseethenewsoldiersleaveourhometowns.2)Iamonlytoopleasedtotakepartintheactivity.3)Theyknowbuttoowelltokeepitasecret.4)Mytailorsaretooreadytodosomesewingforthemiddleschoolstudents.5)SuchanearthquakeisalltoolikelytohappenagaininJapan.5.不定式作原因状语：1)Iamveryhappytoseeyouagain.2)Youwillbedisappointedtofailinthecollegeentranceexamsnextyear.3)Shewassorrytohavekeptuswaitingsolong.4)Shewashappytohavebeenstayingwithheraunt.5)HejumpedwithjoytoseetheniceChristmaspresents.★I.以下形容词后常接不定式的主动形式：hard,difficult,easy,light,heavy,nice,good,clear,dangerous,pleasant,interesting,fit,bitter,exciting,comfortable,convenient,amusing,impossible等后常接主动式不定式。如形容词前有too或形容词后有enough时，不定式用主动，被动均可。1)Chongqingishard/difficult/easytofindonthismap.2)Thismachineisveryeasytooperate.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.3)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogoodtobreath