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题型01细节理解题近四年阅读理解细节理解题考点细目年份卷别题号2023新高考I卷21、23、24、26、28、332023新高考II卷21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、35命题特点细节理解题要求考试在快速阅读文章的同时，能从文中获取某些特定的信息。细节理解题涉及体裁广泛，从题干信息中较易看出，但要求考生务必忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系，不能主观臆断。考查方向细节理解题包括直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题和顺序排列题。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的一半甚至以上。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。命题规律1.举例和比喻处常考2.列举、排比处常考3.指示代词出现处常考4.引用人物观点处常考5.特殊标点符号后的内容常考2022新高考I卷22、25、26、27、32、332022新高考II卷21、22、23、25、26、27、29、342021新高考I卷21、22、23、24、26、27、28、322021新高考Ⅱ卷21、22、23、24、27、28、30、32、33、34细节理解题解题思路1.利用“跳读法”：带着问题找答案；无需通篇看全文；迅速定位与题目相关的信息；对比选项与原文进行信息加工比对；准确选定答案。2.利用“顺藤摸瓜”：根据题干中的关键词“藤”，在原文寻找相同或近似的词“瓜”。这种方法一般适用于间接信息题和是非推断题。3.利用“计算法”：适合数字计算题。先弄清问题再对比原文数字和单位，关注细节，精准计算。4.利用“首尾定位法”：先找出最先发生的事和最后发生的事，迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速选出正确答案。这种方法主要适用于顺序排列题。命题点01直接信息题【典例01】【2023年全国乙卷A篇】PRACTITIONERSRebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831—1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.23.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?AJacquelineFelicedeAlmania.B.TanYunxian.C.JamesBarry.D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.【答案】D【解析】运用“跳读法”，就可以迅速在文章最后一个人物介绍的第二句原词出现thefirstAfricanAmerican.woman，可知，RebeccaLeeCrumpler是第一个拥有医学学位的非裔美国人。【典例02】（2023年新高考I卷A篇）GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.(旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”，结合“计算法”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。命题点02间接信息题【典例01】【2023年新高考I卷B篇】WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。“顺藤摸瓜”，对原文多处信息整合。根据第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。【典例02】【2023年全国甲卷B篇片段】Terri,whonowrentsahousewithfriendsinWandsworth,SouthWestLondon,saysDIYalsosavesherfromlosinganydepositwhenatenancy(租期)comestoanend.Sheadds:“I’vemovedhousemanytimesandIalwaysliketopersonalisemyroomandputuppictures,so,it’sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenI’vemovedout.”26.HowdidTerriavoidlosingthedepositonthehousesherented?A.Bymakingitlooklikebefore.B.Byfurnishingitherself.C.Bysplittingtherentwitharoommate.D.Bycancellingtherentalagreement.【答案】A【解析】根据本段最后一句““So,it’sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenI’vemovedout.”可知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。命题点03数字计算题【典例01】【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷A篇】YellowstoneNationalParkoffersavarietyofrangerprogrammesthroughoutthepark,andthroughouttheyear.Thefollowingaredescriptionsoftherangerprogrammesthissummer.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone(May26toSeptember2)Whetheryou’rehikingabackcountrytrail(小径),camping,orjustenjoyingthepark’samazingwildlifefromtheroad,thisquickworkshopisforyouandyourfamily.Learnwheretolookforanimalsandhowtosafelyenjoyyourwildlifewatchingexperience.MeetattheCanyonVillageStore.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics(June5toAugust21)KidscantesttheirskillsandcomparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofYellowstone.Stayforaslittleoraslongasyourplansallow.MeetinfrontoftheVisitorEducationCentre.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcoloursofthecanyon(峡谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills—joinYellowst