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题型04词义猜测题词义猜测题解题解题模板1.词根词缀法：熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀。2.同位解释法如：关键词mean,be,refer,becalled,beknownas或定语从句、同位语、逗号、破折号等后的内容解释说明画线词句的意思。3.逻辑关系法如：转折、举例、递进、对比、因果、选择关系等。4.上下求索找替代法；推敲代词所在句和前后相邻句中所代替的词语。注意：在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。命题点01代词指代题代词指代题旨在考查考生对文章的理解和把握能力。文章中的代词it,that,he,him,them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。需要运用“找替代法”认真阅读、仔细推敲代词所在句和前后命题特点词义猜测题在高考中出现次数通常是1题。根据上下文猜测生词含义或熟词生义是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能。生词不是孤立封闭的，它出现的句子、段落，都会留下很多暗示和线索。根据生词与上下文之间的关系就可推测出生词的含义。考查方向题目类型包括代词指代题、单词或短语猜测题、句意猜测题。相邻句，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，弄清来龙去脉，从而准确推断其所指代的对象。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，需要认真查找；有时需要对前文提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。【典例01】A2010lawbadalreadybannedsmartphonesduringallteachingactivityinFrance.Butthenewrulessaysmartphonesandtabletsarenotallowedevenduringbreaks.Studentswhobringthesedigitaldevicestoschoolhavetokeepthemintheirbackpacksandturnedoff,Iftheywanttocalltheirparents,schoolswillhelp.However,thenewlawdoesn’tforbidstudentstoturntothemduringextra-curricularactivities.Italsomakesanexceptionfordisabledstudents.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtheminparagraph1referto?A．Disabledstudents.B．Digitaldevices.C．Backpacks.D．Students'parents.【答案】B【模板】运用“上下求索找替代法”。【解析】词义猜测题。第一段中划线词句上一句“Studentswhobringthesedigitaldevicestoschoolhavetokeepthemintheirbackpacksandturnedoff,iftheywanttocalltheirparents,schoolswillhelp.(把这些数码设备带到学校的学生必须把它们放在书包里，并关掉，如果他们想给父母打电话，学校会提供帮助)”说明学生可以把这些数码设备带到学校关掉不能使用，再根据划线词句“However,thenewlawdoesn’tforbidstudentstoturntothemduringextra-curricularactivities.(然而，新法律并不禁止学生在课外活动中求助于them)”转折的语义可以推断，划线单词“them”指代上文的“数码设备”。故选B项。【典例02】Here’sonemoretipfromDr.Gerba,whosaysourkitchensinkisprobablydirtierthanourtoilet.“Ifanaliencamefromspaceandstudiedthebacterialcounts,heprobablywouldconcludeheshouldwashhishandsinyourtoiletandgotothebathroominyoursink.”Hesaysthat’sbecausethekitchensinkisagreatplacewhereE.coli(大肠杆菌)toliveandgrowsinceit’swetanddamp.Bacteriafeedonthefoodthatpeopleputdownthedrainor—that’sleftondishesinthesink.Toresetyoursink’sbacteriacountbacktozero,you’dbetterregularlywashitwithhotwaterandsanitizeyoursinkwithspecialchemicals.Infact,youmaywanttodoiteverydayorbeforepreparingdinner.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph4referto?A．Thefood.B．Thetoothbrush.C．Thesink.D．Thechemical.【答案】A【模板】上下求索找替代法【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“thatpeopleputdownthedrain（人们放在下水道里）”和“that’sleftondishesinthesink.（水槽里的盘子上的）”可知，这两句话是并列地定语从句，修饰先行词food，此处that指代的是“food”，在定语从句中作主语。第4段中带下划线的“that”是指食物。故选A项。命题点02单词（短语）猜测题该题型重在考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力。是从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分（尤其是该词或短语前后的句子）进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及对某个生词或短语的含义的猜测、对某个熟词生义的猜测或能被哪个词或短语替代等。【典例01】（2023·福建·高三校联考阶段练习）Thetimetableforthisgame-changingabilitytoturnwhitefattobrownfatispredictedtobelessthanfiveyearsawayafterhumanstudiesstart.Ifscientistsfindawaytoreplacewhitefatwithbrownfat,itwilllikelymitigaterisksofdiseaseslikediabetes,heartdisease,stroke,andbraindisordergreatlyandprovideincreasedenergylevels.Thatis,youbecomeoperationallyyounger.Bringiton!Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Assess.B．Reduce.C．Identify.D．Involve.【答案】B【模板】根据“同位解释法”和“逻辑关系法”。【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Ifscientistsfindawaytoreplacewhitefatwithbrownfat(如果科学家找到一种用棕色脂肪代替白色脂肪的方法)”和下文“…risksofdiseaseslikediabetes,heartdisease,stroke,andbraindisordergreatlyandprovideincreasedenergylevels.Thatis,youbecomeoperationallyyounger.(……糖尿病、心脏病、中风和大脑紊乱等疾病的风险，并提供了更高的能量水平。也就是说，你的身体运转变得更年轻)”可知，此处在描述用棕色脂肪代替白色脂肪的好处，这可以让人体运转得更好。由此推知，这可以减轻这些疾病的风险，mitigate意思应该是“减轻，缓解”，与reduce意思相近。故选B项。【典例02】（2023黑龙江高三专项练习）Atfirst,shedrovethroughMontanaandthenshemadeherfirstcross-countrytripin2016.Aftersheretiredin2017,itbecameafull-timejoballyearround.Collinsandhermobilebookstorehavevisited30states,stoppingatfestivalsandeventsalongtheway.Whilethelocationschange,somethingsalwaysstaythesame.Collinslovesmeetingpeopleandmakingconnections.Whilesheloveswhatshedoes,Collinsdoesn’tthinkshecankeepdoingit.Inseveralyears,shehopestopasshertravelingbookstoreontoanotherbibliophilewhosharesthesameinterestandwillkeepitontheroad.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bibliophile”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Abooklover.B．Apublisher.C．Afamouswriter.D．Aneditor.【答案】A【模板】根据“同位解释法”。【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词后定语从句“whosharesthesameinterestandwillkeepitontheroad.(他们有共同的兴趣，并且会一直坚持下去。)”可知，该词意为“书籍爱好者”，与abooklover项同义。故选A项。命题点03句意猜测题该题型大多考查句子的寓意，而非字面含义，且与文章的主旨或段落主题密切相关,。解题需运用上下求索和逻辑关系推断句意。【典例01】Collegeisanidealplacetopracticeadults’responsibilityandindependence.Studentsneedtomaketheirowndecisionsaboutwhethertogetoutofbedandgotoworkinthemorning.Maybeyourchildhasn’tlearnedthislessonbynow,butheorshehastolearnitsometime.Analarmclock’sjobistowakeyouup,butitdoesnotprovideareason.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninthelastparagraph?A．Analarmclockisnecessaryforakid.B．Akidshouldbuyatalkingalarmclock.C．Akidshouldgetupearlyforlearningwithoutanyreason.D．Akidshouldalwaysmaintainasenseofresponsibilityandindependence.【答案】D【模板】根据“上下求索找替代”和“逻辑关系法”。【解析】句意猜测题。根据最后两段的“Collegeisanidealplacetopracticeadults’responsibilityandindependence.Studentsneedtomaketheirowndecisionsaboutwhethertogetoutofbedandgotoworki