搜索
一、定义和宾从例句分析宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。A作动词的宾语:Iheardthenews.主语谓语动词名词作宾语Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语B作介词的宾语:Hesaidnothingabouttheplan.主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词名词作介词的宾语Hesaidnothingaboutwhobrokethewindowlastnight.主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语二、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有：that(可省略)，what,who,when,where,why,which,if,whether,how.1Hesuggested(that)weshouldcleanthecorridoreveryday.宾语2Hetoldme(that)hewouldleaveDalianairportat8pm.间接宾语直接宾语3Hetoldmewherehewasgoingtotravelthatsummer.间接宾语直接宾语4Hewantedtoknowwhatthemanagerhadsaidatthemeeting.(叫几个人起来造句)whohadn’tpassedtheexam.whenshewouldleavethisbuilding.whyshecriedlastnight.whereshewasgoingtostudy.whichstudentwashispartnerintheshortplay.if(whether)Tomcouldplaybasketballwithhimthatmorning.howshemanagedtosolvetheproblem.whywaterflowsfromahighpositiontoalowerposition.在例子4中，当主句是过去时态时（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），从句根据不同情况必须使用过去时态的一种，（大自然的现象和真理除外）。5HeiswantingtoknowwhatIcancookfordinner.whobrokethewindowyesterday.whenIcanhaveaholiday.whyIfailedtheexamyesterday.whereIshouldhavedinnerwithmyfriendtonight.whichbookisthebestone.if(whether)Ihavepassedtheexam.howmycatescapedfromtheroomlastnight.在例子5中，当主语是现在时态时（一般现在时，现在进行时，一般将来时，现在完成时），从句可根据不同情况使用各种时态。时态：1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。3.主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。三、宾语从句的连接词从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.Hetoldmethathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear他告诉我他下一年上大学.Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.连接代词连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whoever,whatever,whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Doyouknowwhohaswonthegame?你知道谁赢了这一个游戏吗?Idon’tknowwhomyoushoulddependon.我不知道你该依靠谁.ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsknow.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyoureadthenewpanel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.二、动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthoughthewholework.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:makesure确保makeupone’smind下决心keepinmind牢记Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.B有时候可以用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。Bad:Ithoughtthathecouldfinishthisjobinjusttwohoursimpossible.Good:Ithoughtitimpossiblethathecouldfinishthisjobinjusttwohours.Bad:Heleftwhetherweshouldcontinuethisprojecttomyjudgment.Good:Heleftittomyjudgmentwhetherweshouldcontinuethisproject.三、介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的.用that,if引导的介词宾语从句Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.四、形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedIamsureIwillpasstheexam.我确信我会通过考试.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后,介词后一般不用if②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.（如：Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。）⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.六、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词thatthat引导的宾语从句只是起连结作用,本身没有意义,在口语或非正式文件中可以省略.例:Shesaid(that)shewasgoingtostudyFrench.她说她准备去学法语.提示:1.如果谓语动词后跟有两个或更多个并列的宾语从句,第二个(和第三个)连接词不可省略.例:Iforgot(that)myresearchpaperwasdueonTuesdayandthatmyteacherhadsaidhewouldnotacceptlatepapers.2.主句中有it作形式宾语,that不可省例:Wethinkitisimportantthateverycitizenshouldhavegoodmanners.3.宾语从句主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语,引导词that不可省例:Shetoldmethatthatnightwasverycold.她告诉我,那个晚上很冷.4.inthat,exceptthat后接宾语从句时,引导词that不可省例:Criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpstocorrectourmistakes.七、宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.C带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。Bad:Ithinkhedoesn’tliketheEnglishteacher.Good:Idon’tthinkhelikestheEnglishteacher.Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能说成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.我认为他不会来我的舞会.Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?八、宾语从句的时态和语序A宾语从句必须用陈述语序。False:Heiswonderingwhencanhefinishthisdifficultjob.Right:Heiswonderingwhenhecanfinishthisdifficultjob.Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’