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中考语法精讲——被动语态被动语态的基本构成：be+动词的过去分词（be+done)1.一般现在时am/is/are+done•Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.•Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.•Heputonacoat.•Acoatwasputonbyhim.2.一般过去时was/were+doneHemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.3.一般将来时shall/will/begoingto+bedone•Theywillplanttreestomorrow.•Treeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow•Heisgoingtowritealettertohismother.•Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim.4.现在完成时has/have+beendone•Jimhasfinishedthework.•TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.5.含有情态动词的被动语态•can/may/must/should+bedone•Icanfindhim.•Hecanbefoundbyme.被动语态的用法1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。这块手表是中国制造的。ThiswatchismadeinChina.2.没有必要指出动作的执行者每年都应该种更多的树。Manytreesshouldbeplantedeveryyear.3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.4.句子的主语是动作的承受者。许多房屋被冲走了。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.何时使用被动语态呢？一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：TinaisaskedtocomebyPaul．Tina是被Paul叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．Heplantstreesinspring.主谓宾(受动者)Treesareplantedbyhim改为被动语态inspring.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.Hisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday.主谓宾(受动者)Bowlsarewashedbyhisbrothereveryday.1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词3．AmycantakegoodcareofGina．GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词各种时态的被动语态构成1）一般现在时：Youareinvitedtodothis.2）一般过去时：Thestorywastoldbyher.3）一般将来时：Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.4)情态动词：Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere.你的包可放在大房间里。Yourbagcanbecarriedintothebigroom.◆被动语态的否定句与一般疑问句：否定句：be+not+过去分词一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词…1.EnglishisspokenintheUSA.Englishisn’tspokenintheUSA.IsEnglishspokenintheUSA?2.Iwasinvitedtoapartyyesterday.Iwasn’tinvitedtoapartyyesterday.Wereyouinvitedtoapartyyesterday?3.Thebabymustbetakengoodcareof.Thebabymustn’tbetakengoodcareof.Mustthebabybetakengoodcareof?4.Theworkwillbefinishedtomorrow.Theworkwon’tbefinishedtomorrow.Willtheworkbefinishedtomorrow?◆感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中不带to但在被动语态中要保留to.常考的词有make/see/watch/hear1)Isawhimdanceattheparty.Hewasseentodanceattheparty.2)Weheardthemsingintheroom.They_______________intheroom3)Thebossmakesherworkfor12hourseveryday.She__________________for12hourseveryday.wereheardtosingismadetowork◆常用词组：1、被用来做某事被某人使用2、由、、、制造在、、、制造3、装满4、覆盖5、据说6、被迫做某事7、被听到作某事8、被看见作某事9、建立beusedfordoingsthbeusedby+人bemadeof+原料bemadein+地点befullof/befilledwithbecoveredwithIt’ssaidthatbemadetodobeheardtodobeseentodobebuilt补充部分1.主动结构表被动意义open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。Thiskindofshirtsellswell.2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义。例：Itsmellswonderful.Mooncakestastedelicious.3.在beworthdoing中,doing表被动意义。例：Thisbookisworthreading.•2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义。•例：Itsmellswonderful.•Mooncakestastedelicious.•4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+tobedone例：Mybikeneedsrepairing.•=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.•我的自行车需要修理。课堂练习（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._________________byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday.____________________byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._______________abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.______________________________byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter.__________________________byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken14.ThestudentsstudyGermaninthisschool.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkabou