东营新区管道直饮水处理工艺的研究

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国内图书分类号:X524学校代码:10213国际图书分类号:614.777密级:公开工程硕士学位论文东营新区管道直饮水处理工艺的研究硕士研究生:牛玉泉导师:李玉华教授副导师:周淑芬高级工程师申请学位:工程硕士学科:环境工程所在单位:胜利新邦建设开发公司答辩日期:2009年3月授予学位单位:哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex:X524U.D.C:614.777DissertationfortheMasterDegreeinEngineeringRESEARCHONHIGHALGAERAWWATERINGUDONGRESERVOIRBYBIOLOGICALCONTACTOXDIATIONANDENHANCEDCOAGULATIONCandidate:NiuYuquanSupervisor:Prof.LiYuhuaAssociateSupervisor:SeniorEngineerZhouShufenAcademicDegreeAppliedfor:MasterofEngineeringSpeciality:EnvironmentalEngineeringAffiliation:ShengLiXinBangCompanyDateofDefence:Mar,2009Degree-Conferring-Institution:HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-I-摘要饮用水水源微污染问题的加剧,饮用水标准的提高以及人民对饮用水要求的严格,使得以去除水中悬浮及胶体物质为主,以出水的浊度、色度和细菌总数为工艺控制主要目标的传统水处理工艺越来越难以确保饮用水的安全。因此,水的深度处理及引进管道直饮水技术显得尤为必要。针对东营新区的自来水特点,研究了砂滤/活性炭滤柱/微滤/超滤组合的水处理装置来处理城市供给的自来水。详细阐述和分析了该装置的特点以及设计参数,分析了装置各部分的出水水质;研究了砂滤/活性炭滤柱/超滤膜的清洗情况;对装置进行经济性分析和适用性分析。确定了活性炭的吸附饱和时间约为16小时;SL-2颗粒活性炭的吸附能力优于另外两种炭样。影响组合工艺CODMn处理效率最关键的因素是膜的工作压力,其次是活性炭的滤速,最后是整个工艺的回流水率。得出活性炭滤速在15m/h,超滤膜工作压力为0.9MPa,回流水量为40%时,整个工艺的处理效果最佳。在稳定运行试验期间,进水浊度为0.57~1.88NTU,出水的浊度平均为0.09NTU,出水CODMn平均为0.69mg/l,出水亚硝酸盐浓度低于0.001mg/L。出水细菌数为0cuf/ml,出水大肠杆菌数为0个/L。采用砂滤池预处理有效的延长了活性炭工艺的工作周期及超滤膜的使用寿命,它的工作周期为12小时,活性炭的工作周期为20~25天进行反冲洗可以保证良好的处理效果。砂滤滤料滤柱采用气水反冲洗,参数为气冲洗强度14L/(m2·s),时间2min;气水联合冲洗时气冲洗强度14L/(m2·s),水冲洗强度3L/(m2·s),时间4min;最后水力反洗时冲洗强度为5.5L/(m2·s),时间10min。活性炭滤柱采用水力反冲洗,强度为5L/(m2·s),时间10min。膜过滤采用死端过滤方式,物理清洗采用水力反冲洗,先正洗1min,再用膜渗透水反洗2min,最后再正洗1min,试验前一个月每2h反洗一次,以后每1h反洗一次。当水反冲洗效果不明显时采用化学清洗,化学清洗试剂采用0.01mol/LHCl+0.01mol/LNaOH或0.01mol/LHCl+0.01mol/LNaOH+300mg/LNaClO,恢复效果均比较明显。经过经济分析得出每升水的成本只有0.025元左右,并可以提供优异的水质。在投资期内,可创造利润4968万元。投资价值十分可观。关键词:直饮水;超滤;活性炭哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-II-AbstractWiththemicro-pollutedproblemofthedrinkingwaterresourceintensifying,theimprovementofdrinkingwaterstandardsandpeople'srequirementsforthedrinkingwater,theconventionalwatertreatmentprocess,whichaimsmainlyatcontrollingturbidity,chromaandtotalbacteria,isincreasinglydifficulttoensurethesafetyofdrinkingwater.Furthermore,thefactorssuchaseconomicconditions,thesafedrinkingwatertechnologyofcitydoesnotapplytosmalltownsandsoon,arehamperingseriouslytheeconomyofsmalltownsandsocialcomprehensivedevelopment.TheproblemofdrinkingwatertreatmentinChinesesmallcitiesandtownsisparticularlyprominent.Therefore,itisnecessarytostudyanddevelopthedrinkingwatertreatment.Accordingtothecharacteristicsofsmalltowns,thethesisdesignanddevelopthefiltration-granularactivatedcarbonadsorption-ultrafiltrationwatertreatmenttotreatmunicipalwater.Thethesisdescribesindetailedandanalysesthecharacteristics,thedesignParameters.Inthisoperatingandtestconditions,theaverageturbidityofeffluentwas0.09NTU,thetheaverageammoniatenitrogenwas0.001mg/L,theaverageCODMnwas0.69mg,thebacteriawas0cuf/ml,theproportionofremovalwas100%;theE.coliremovalwas0/L,theproportionofremovalwas100%.Theeffluentwaterexaminedbytheapparatusreachedthenationaldrinkingwaterstandards.Ceramicfilter’santi-cleansingcyclewas10~12handusedgas-wateranti-cleansing.Granularactivatedcarbon’santi-cleansingcyclewas20~25daysandusedhydraulicanti-cleansing.Ultrafiltrationmembranesuseddead-endfiltration,physicalcleaningmethodusedwateranti-cleansing.Inthetest,ultrafiltrationmembranesphysicalcleaningcyclewas2hoursinfirstmonth,thenonceeveryhour.Atfirstmonthandthirdmonth,ultrafiltrationmembraneswerecleanedwithchemical,andusedtwodifferentchemicalreagents,buttheeffectsverysignificant.Theinvestmentcostofapparatuswas0.025yuan/L,andthebenefitis49.68millionyuanintheoperatingperiod.Theeconomicanalysisisgreat.Keywords:filtration,granularactivatedcarbon,UF哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-III-目录摘要.....................................................................................................................IAbstract.................................................................................................................II第1章绪论........................................................................................................11.1管道直饮水的优势和必要性.....................................................................11.1.1传统供水方式存在的缺点..................................................................11.1.2传统直饮水方式的缺点与担忧..........................................................31.1.3管道直饮水的优势..............................................................................31.1.4管道直饮水的必要性..........................................................................41.2国内外管道直饮水处理技术现状.............................................................51.2.1活性炭工艺技术..................................................................................51.2.2膜分离技术工艺..................................................................................61.3课题研究的目的与主要内容....................................................................111.3.1课题研究的目的.................................................................................111.3.2课题研究的主要内容.........................................................................11第2章东营新区管道直饮水工艺与装置........................................................122.1工程概况.......................................................................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