光伏并网发电技术及标准2019/10/3合肥阳光电源有限公司2一、背景我国丰富的阳光资源和电池组件价格的下降中国日益紧张的电力供需矛盾资源与环境问题突出下一页2019/10/3合肥阳光电源有限公司3二、光伏发电系统的组成●独立供电系统-PV组件-蓄电池-充放电控制器●并网系统-PV组件-并网逆变器-双向计量装置-公用电网DC负载逆变器+AC负载下一页2019/10/3合肥阳光电源有限公司4三、并网逆变器的种类1.直接耦合系统2.工频隔离系统3.高频隔离系统4.高频不隔离系统下一页2019/10/3合肥阳光电源有限公司5四、光伏并网发电的关键技术♀组件的绝缘技术♀光伏阵列的最大功率跟踪技术(MPPT)♀并网逆变器的设计、制造♀孤岛效应保护技术♀电能双向计量技术♀夜间零耗电技术♀电磁兼容性♀其他的安全问题(如防雷)下一页2019/10/3合肥阳光电源有限公司6五、光伏并网系统的三大趋势●光伏建筑(BIPV)(1~5kW):各国发展迅猛;●大型光伏电站(LPVGS)(100kW~100MW):适合在我国广阔西部地区推广;●小功率光伏并网模块(ACMODULE)由于效率不高,安全性差等问题,发展前景黯淡。下一页2019/10/3合肥阳光电源有限公司76.1采用工频变压器隔离的单相并网逆变器系统六、用于光伏建筑的并网逆变器技术方案2019/10/3合肥阳光电源有限公司86.2采用直流升压、高频变压器隔离的单相并网逆变器系统六、用于光伏建筑的并网逆变器技术方案2019/10/3合肥阳光电源有限公司96.3采用工频变压器隔离的大功率三相并网逆变器系统六、用于光伏建筑的并网逆变器技术方案2019/10/3合肥阳光电源有限公司10七、大型光伏电站的技术方案1.多重叠加技术10MW系统下一页2019/10/3合肥阳光电源有限公司112.多机并联技术1~50MW系统下一页2019/10/3合肥阳光电源有限公司123.多电平直接逆变技术50~100MW系统下一页2019/10/3合肥阳光电源有限公司13八、光伏并网发电相关的标准(TC82)NO1.IEC60891:1987,proceduresfortemperatureandirradiancecorrectionstomeasuredI-Vcharacteristicsofcrystallinesiliconphotovoltaic(PV)devices.AmendmentNO1.NO2.IEC60904-1:1987,PVPart1:MeasurementsofPVcurrent-voltagecharacteristics.NO3.IEC60904-2:1989,Photovoltaicdevices-Part2:Requirementsforreferencesolarcells.NO4.IEC60904-3:1989,Photovoltaicdevices-Part3:Measurementprinciplesforterrestrialphotovoltaic(PV)solardeviceswithreferencespectralirradiancedata.NO5.IEC60904-5:1993,Photovoltaicdevices-Part5:Determinationoftheequivalentcelltemperature(ECT)ofphotovoltaic(PV)devicesbytheopen-circuitvoltagemethod.NO6.IEC60904-6:1994,Photovoltaicdevices-Part6:Requirementsforreferencesolarmodules.下一页2019/10/3合肥阳光电源有限公司14NO7.IEC60904-7:1995,Photovoltaicdevices-Part7:Computationofspectralmismatcherrorintroducedinthetestingofaphotovoltaicdevice.NO8.IEC60904-8:1995,Photovoltaicdevices-Part8:Guidanceforthemeasurementofspectralresponseofaphotovoltaicdevice.Secondedition(1998).NO9.IEC60904-9:1995,Photovoltaicdevices-Part9:Solarsimulatorperformancerequirements.NO10.IEC60904-8:1998,Photovoltaicdevices-Part10:Methodsoflinearitymeasurement.NO11.IEC61173:1992,Overvoltageprotectionforphotovoltaic(PV)powergeneratingsystems-Guide.NO12.IEC61194:1993,Characteristicsparametersofstand-alonephotovoltaic(PV)systems.下一页2019/10/3合肥阳光电源有限公司15NO13.IEC61215:1993,Crystallinesiliconterrestrialphotovoltaic(PV)modules.DesignQualificationandtypeapproval.NO14.IEC61277:1995,Guide:Generaldescriptionofphotovoltaic(PV)powergeneratingsystems.NO15.IEC61345:1998,UVtestforphotovoltaic(PV)modules.NO16.IEC61427,Secondarycellsandbatteriesforphotovoltaic(PV)energysystems-Generalrequirementsandmethodsoftest.NO17.IEC61646:1996,ThinfilmsiliconterrestrialPVmodules-DesignQualificationandtypeapproval.NO18.IEC61683:1999,PVsystem-powerconditioners-proceduresformeasuringefficiency.NO19.IEC61701:1995,Saltmistcorrosiontestingofphotovoltaic(PV)modules.NO20.IEC61702:1995,Ratingofdirectcoupledphotovoltaic(PV)pumpingsystems.下一页2019/10/3合肥阳光电源有限公司16下一页NO21.IEC61721:1995,Susceptibilityofaphotovoltaic(PV)moduletoaccidentalimpactdamage(resistancetoimpacttest).NO22.IEC61724:1998,Photovoltaicsystemperformancemonitoring-Guidelinesformeasurement,dataexchangeandanalysis.NO23.IEC61725:1997,Analytiaclexpressionfordailysolarprofiles.NO24.IEC61727:1995,Photovoltaicsystems-Characteristicsoftheutilityinterface.NO25.IEC61730Photovoltaicsystemsafetyqualification-part1:Requirementforconstruction.NO26.IEC61829:1995,CrystallinesiliconPVarray-On-sitemeasurementofI-Vcharacteristics.NO27.IEC61830:1997,Solarphotovoltaicenergysystem-termsandsymbols.NO28.IEC61853Performancetestingandenergyratingofterrestrialphotovoltaicmodules.2019/10/3合肥阳光电源有限公司17NO329.IEC62078Certificationandaccreditationprogramforphotovoltaic(PV)componentsandsystems-Guidelinesforatotalqualitysystem.NO30.IEC62093,BOScomponents-Environmentalreliabilitytesting-Designqualificationandtypeapproval.NO31.IEC62108Concentratorphotovoltaic(PV)receiversandmodules-Designqualificationandtypeapproval.NO32.IEC62109Electricalsafetyofstaticinvertersandchargecontrollersforuseinphotovoltaic(PV)powersystems.NO33.IEC62116Testingprocedure-Islandingpreventionmeasuresforpowerconditionsuseingridconnectedphotovoltaic(PV)powergenerationsystems.NO34.IEC62124Photovoltaicstand-alonesystems-Designqualificationandtypeapproval.NO35.IEC62145CrystallinesiliconPVmodules-Blankdetailspecification.NO36.IEC62234Safetyguidelinesforgridconnectedphotovoltaic(PV)systemsmountedonbuilding.下一页2019/10/3合肥阳光电源有限公司18NO37.IEC62253Directcoupledphotovoltaic(PV)pumpingsystems-Designqualificationandtypeapproval.NO38.IEC62257Specificationsfortheuseofrenewableenergiesinruraldecentralisedelectrification.NO39.IEC/PAS62111Specificationsfortheuseofrenewableenergiesinruraldecentralisedelectrification.NO40.PNW82-263MaximumPowerPointTracking.IEEECodesandStandardsABBREVIATIONS:ANW=ApprovedNewWorkPNW=ProposedNewWorkCDM=Committeedrafttobediscussedinatmeeting.PWI=PotentialNewWorkItem.下一页2019/10/3合肥阳光电源有限公司19九、目前急需贯彻的标准1.IEC61727-1995Photovoltaicsystem-characteristicsoftheutilityinterface.2.IEEE929-2000RecommendedpracticeforUtilityInterfaceofPVsystem.3.I