四川省高速公路施工标准化技术指南-桥梁工程

四川省高速公路施工标准化技术指南四川省高速公路施工标准化技术指南（试行）（桥梁工程）四川省交通运输厅2011年12月目录前言近10多年来，四川省高速公路建设发展较快，高速公路建设管理水平也逐年提高。为加快推行现代工程管理，促进高速公路建设逐步实现标准化，全面提升高速公路建设管理水平，根据省交通运输厅工作部署，四川省高速公路施工标准化活动领导小组办公室（厅质监站）牵头，组织厅公路设计院、交通设计院、四川公路工程咨询监理公司、省交投集团及部分在建高速公路项目公司编写了《四川省高速公路施工标准化技术指南》。本指南是在现行公路工程设计、施工、验收等相关标准、规范的基础上，根据四川省多年来高速公路建设管理方面取得的实践经验编制而成。指南结合高速公路建设中容易出现的质量通病，着重从施工工序、工艺和管理的角度，对现行标准、规范作了进一步细化，旨在更有效地消除质量通病，提高施工管理水平，实现高速公路施工标准化，确保高速公路施工质量。本次组织编写的技术指南涵盖路基、路面、桥涵、隧道等专业，共分三册，分别为路基路面、桥梁工程、隧道工程。四川省高速公路施工标准化活动领导小组办公室2011年12月目录1总则·······································································································11.1目的和适用范围·················································································11.2编制依据··························································································11.3章节划分··························································································12施工准备·································································································22.1一般规定··························································································22.2施工准备··························································································23桥梁基础施工···························································································43.1钻孔灌注桩基础施工···········································································43.2人工挖孔灌注桩基础·········································································123.3明挖基础及承台施工·········································································164下部构造施工··························································································204.1墩柱施工························································································204.2盖梁施工························································································234.3薄壁高墩施工··················································································255上部构造施工·························································································315.1梁板预制施工··················································································315.2梁板安装························································································415.3支架现浇施工··················································································445.4悬臂浇筑施工··················································································545.5桥面系及附属工程施工······································································62附录A本技术指南用词说明··········································································69目录2施工准备—1—1总则1.1目的和适用范围1.1.1目的为规范四川省高速公路桥梁工程施工，提高管理水平，确保各道施工工序工作到位,克服质量通病，保证工程质量，保障施工安全，编制本技术指南。1.1.2适用范围本指南适用于四川省内高速公路桥梁施工、监理及第三方检测、材料供应商等参建单位。1.2编制依据1.2.1国家、交通运输主管部门发布的与公路建设相关的标准、规范、规程及文件。1.2.2四川省颁布实施的与公路建设管理相关的文件。1.2.3公路行业内通行的先进施工工艺和管理办法。1.3章节划分本指南共五章，分为总则、施工准备、桥梁基础施工、下部构造施工、上部构造施工。四川省高速公路施工标准化技术指南（试行）（桥梁工程）—2—2施工准备2.1一般规定2.1.1工程开工前，承包人应熟悉设计文件，做好现场调查和设计文件的核对工作，并及时将结果及存在的问题以书面形式呈送建设单位。2.1.2现场调查核对完成后，应根据设计要求、合同文件和现场的实际情况，编制施工组织设计，按规定报批。2.1.3建立健全质量、环保、安全管理体系。2.2施工准备2.2.1承包人应根据设计文件和有关测量资料，及时完成导线复测、水准点复测、原地面复测和加密测量工作，并做好导线点和水准点的保护措施，直到工程完工。2.2.2总体开工报告。开工前，承包人应向监理工程师报批总体开工报告，主要内容包括：施工组织机构、质检体系、安全体系的建立和劳动力安排；材料、机械设备进场情况；水电供应；临时设施的修建；施工方案准备情况等。2.2.3分部或分项工程开工报告。分部或分项工程开工前，承包人应向监理工程师提交开工报告，其内容包括：施工工程名称、现场负责人名单、施工组织和劳动力安排、材料供应、机械设备进场、材料试验及质量检查手段、水电供应、临时工程的修建、施工方案、进度计划及其他需要说明的事项等。2.2.4工程开工前，应根据施工内容分类编制专项施工技术方案，并及时对施工人员进行技术交底和岗前培训。2.2.5工程所用砂、石、水泥、钢筋等原材料进场前应严格进行检查验收和取样送检，试验合格经监理工程师认可后方可进场。2.2.6工程所用的各类机械设备，应符合施工组织设计或方案的要求，检验合格证明文件应齐全。现场各类机械设备停放位置应合理规划、分区布置、摆放整齐。应保证设备安2施工准备—3—全可靠、运转正常，严禁设备带病作业。施工单位应定期对施工机械（具）设备进行检查维修和保养。2.2.7实行首件工程认可制。每座桥梁分项工程开工后，第一个成品或半成品，如第一根桩基、第一根墩柱、第一片梁等，完成后应由总监办组织施工单位进行质量状况和施工工艺分析，找出施工中的不足并加以改正，方可进行批量施工。2.2.8按照“混凝土集中拌和、构件集中预制、钢筋集中加工”的原则，重点做好料场、混凝土拌和站、预制场、钢筋加工场的建设工作。具体要求见《四川省高速公路工地标准化建设指导意见》相关内容。2.2.9在施工现场的醒目位置应布置统一制作的施工公告牌、各类标示牌、警示牌等。2.2.10桥梁工程施工现场，宜采用封闭式管理，现场出入口应悬挂“施工重地，闲人免进”的禁止标志。四川省高速公路施工标准化技术指南（试行）（桥梁工程）—4—3桥梁基础施工3.1钻孔灌注桩基础施工在施工前，承包人应编制工序流程图，作为各工序施工操作、保证施工进度的依据，并悬挂在现场。钻孔灌注桩工序流程图如下：图3.1.1钻孔灌注桩工序流程图测量复核桩位钻机就位粘土造浆做好钻孔记录钻进成孔检验孔深、孔径反循环清孔施工准备钢筋笼加工制作、检查、运输吊装钢筋笼检验导管等设备接装导管和砼料斗砼运输车运输砼或泵送砼灌注砼拆除导管钻机移位3桥梁基础施工—5—3.1.1施工准备1场地准备钻孔场地的平面尺寸应按桩基础设计的平面尺寸、钻机数量和钻机底座平面尺寸、钻机移位要求、施工方法以及其它配合施工机具设施布置等情况决定。1）场地为旱地时，应先平整场地；场地为陡坡时，应挖先成平台。2）场地为浅水时，宜采用筑岛法。岛顶面通常高出施工水位0.75～1.0m。有条件临时改河时，尽量改水中钻孔为旱地钻孔。3）场地为深水或淤泥层较厚时，可打临时桩支承护筒导向架和工作平台。2机械设备的选择和配备为保证钻孔桩的成桩质量，施工单位应选用与地质情况相匹配的、性能良好的成桩钻孔设备。1）采用回旋钻机主要施工机械配备如下：回旋钻、挖掘机、吊车、电焊机、潜水泵、导管、料斗、钢护筒、小型泥浆分离器等；2）采用旋挖钻机主要施工机械配备如下：旋挖钻、挖掘机、吊车、电焊机、泥浆泵、潜水泵、导管、料斗、钢护筒、小型泥浆分离器等；3）采用冲击钻机主要施工机械配备如下：冲击钻、挖掘机、吊车、电焊机、泥浆泵、潜水泵、导管、料斗、钢护筒、小型泥浆分离器等；4）钻机编号标识：每台钻机上至少要有设备标识牌、作业操作规程牌（至少包括技术、质量、安全、环保、文明施工等内容），钻机主要工作人员及岗位职责等。5）工程标识：在每个墩（承台）处要有桩基工程标识牌，包括桩基平面布置、编号、主要技术标准和参数、施工进展等内容。3护筒埋设1）护筒一般采用钢护筒。宜采用8～12mm钢板制作，圆度偏差小于20mm，上部开设1～2个溢浆口。2）护筒内径应比桩径稍大，有钻杆导向的正、反循环回转钻护筒内径宜比桩径大20cm～30cm；冲击钻护筒内径比桩径宜大30cm～40cm；深水处的护筒内径宜比桩径大40cm。3）护筒应固定桩位，引导钻头方向，隔离地面水，保护孔口不坍塌，并保证孔内水位（泥浆）高出地下水或施工水位一定高度。4）深水中的钢护筒要采取防止变形的措施，为增加刚度，可在护筒上下端和接头外侧焊加劲肋。四川省高速公路施工标准化技术指南（试行）（桥梁工程）—6—图3.1.2护筒埋设4泥浆制备在施工中，针对不同的地层应选择不同的造浆方法和造浆量。1）粘土的