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1985(Computer-AidedLogisticSupport,CALS)BusinessProcessReengineering,BPRCALS1988Computer-aidedAcquisitionandLogisticSupport19938JCALSJointCALSOfficeCALS:ContinuousAcquisitionandLife-cycleSupportCALS[1]1988CALSCALSCALSCALS[2]1994(CommenceAtLightSpeed)CALSCALSCALSCALSCALSCALSCALSCALSCALSConstructionCALSC-CALSCALS[3]C-CALSC-CALSC-CALSlllUlISOSGMLSTEPlllllWTOISOSTEPSGMLC-CALSSGMLStandardGeneralizedMarkupLanguageISO8879[4,5]WorldWideWeb[6,7]3.1SGML(:MSWordLotusWordPro)IS01986(StandardGeneralizedMarkupLanguageSGML)SGMLSGMLSGMLCALSSGMLIBMGMSGML[8]SGMLSGML(SGMLDeclaration)(DocumentType,DTD)(DocumentInstance,DI)[9,10]lSGMLSGMLSGML(characterset)SGML(tagomission)(linktype)lDTDEntitylDIDTDSGMLSGMLDTDISO1992SGMLHyTimeHypermedia/TimebasedStructuringLanguage(ISO10744)HyTimemeta-DTDmeta-DTD(ArchitectureFormAF)AFmeta-DTDDTD(template)DTDAF[9]3.2XML(WorldWideWebConsortium)1996XML(eXtensibleMarkupLanguage)HTMLXMLSGMLsubsetSGMLSGMLXMLHTMLSGMLSGMLDTDvalid(ApplicationProtocolsAPParts201-1199)(IntegratedResourcesParts41-49,101-199)(ConformanceTests;Parts31-39)(DescriptionMethods;Parts11-19)(ImplementationMethods;Parts21-29)(AbstractTestSuits;Parts1201-2199)(GenericResources;Parts41-49)(ApplicationResources;Parts101-199)[11]Parts(ThreeLayerArchitecture)()STEPParts11-19(entity)Part11EXPRESS(IntegratedResources)STEP(StandardDataAccessInterfaceSDAISTEPSTEPCALSC-CALSCALSIDEFCITIS5.1IDEFIntegratedComputer-AidedManufacturingICAMStructuredAnalysisandDesignTechniqueSADTIntegratedDEFinitionfunctionmodelingIDEF[12]IDEFBusinessProcessRe-engineeringBPRIDEFSTEPApplicationProtocolAPIDEFFunctionModelingIDEF0InformationModelingIDEF1DataModelingIDEF1xIDEF0IDEF1x(FederalInformationProcessing,FIP183,FIP184)5.2CITISCITISContractorIntegratedTechnicalInformationService1993ContractDataRequirementsListCDRLCITIS1993MIL-STD-974[13]CITISCITISCITISCITISMIL-STD-974(IntegratedDataEnvironmentIDE)CITISCITISCITISCITISCITIS[14][15]6.1CALSCALS123456.2IDEF0(IntegratedDEFinitionFunctionModeling)1.IDEF02.IDEF0IDEF0 3.4.6.3STEPISO-103031.STEPIDEF0ExpressSTEPExpress2.STEPAPExpressSTEP3.ExpressConformanceTestsSTEP(IntegratedResource)6.4STEP11.2.EXPRESS_OBJECTCAD3.CADIDEF04.html1MSExcelSTEPEXPRESS_OBJECTSTEPSTEP6.5STEP1.USTEPAutoCAD2UAutoCAD2U2.ExcelSTEPExcelExcelSTEPExcelExcel3Excel3ExcelC-CALSC-CALSPCC-87--08(044)1.Elwood,G.P.(1993).“WhatisCALSallabout?”ProceedingsoftheIEEESystemsReadinessTechnologyConference,SanAntonio,TX,USA,September20-23,1993,497-500.2.1997“CALS”(1998)””19-294.ISO(1986),“ISO8879:InformationProcessing-TextandOfficeSystems-StandardGeneralizedMarkupLanguage(SGML).”5.Bryan,M.(1992).“AnIntroductiontotheStandardGeneralizedMarkupLanguage(SGML),”~sgml/sgml.htm.6.(1997“-XML”CALS18-257.SummerInstituteofLinguistics(1997),“ExtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML),”“”9.(1996)“DesignandImplementationofanSGML/HyTime-basedMultimediaDocumentManagementSystem,”10.Travis,B.E.,andD.C.Waldt,(1997),“TheSGMLImplementationGuide,”Springer,.215-273.11.Fowler,J.,(1995).STEPforDataManagement,ExchangeandSharing,TechnologyAppraisalsLtd.,GreatBritain.12.1997“IDEF”(1993).“MIL-STD-974,ContractorIntegratedTechnicalInformationService(CITIS),”U.S.DepartmentofDefense,USA.14.(1998)”CITIS”11-2415.(1998)””044