我国公共场所应急疏散技术和标准发展对策初探

©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(2010)-03-0047-073,,(,100088):,,,,,,,,:;;:X92:AInvestigationanddevelopingcountermeasuresonemergencyevacuationtechnologyandstandardsofdomesticpublicplacesQINTing2xin,XUEShu2yan,YAOLi2ping(ChinaNationalInstituteofStandardization,Beijing100088,China)Abstract:Thecurrentsituationanddevelopingtrendsofforeignemergencyevacuationtechnologyandstandardsofpublicplaceswereanalyzedandsummarizedinthispaper.Basedonthecurrentsituationofdomesticemergencye2vacuationtechnologyandstandards,somedevelopingcountermeasuresandsuggestionsfordomesticemergencye2vacuationtechnologyandstandardswereproposed.Onthedomesticemergencyevacuationtechnologyofpublicplaces,theresearchonthecharacteristicanalysisofhumanbehaviorinemergencyevacuation,emergencyevacua2tionmodel,andappliedemergencyevacuationtechnologyshouldbestrengthened;meanwhile,theinvestmentshouldbeincreasedontheemergencyevacuationtechnologyresearchandpositivelyencouragethescientificre2searchinstitutionstoexpandtheexchangeandcooperationwithforeignscientificresearchinstitutes.Inaddition,intheaspectoftheemergencyevacuationstandardsofpublicplaces,theresearchonemergencyevacuationmanage2mentandthestandardsofemergencyevacuationproductsshouldbestrengthened,whichprovidesnecessaryguid2anceandtechnicalsupportforemergencyevacuationinpublicplaces.Keywords:publicplaces;emergencyevacuationtechnology;emergencyevacuationstandards:2010203219:,3:(:200810597)1,©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(1),:,,,,,,911[13],,(),()[4],,,,(2)70,,2080,,,Henderson,,,,,[56],,,:EXITTEVAC2846©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[7](3),,(STEMS)2008FirexRoadshowNorthWayfinderSolu2tionsFireSafety[810],:(1),(2),(3),212,(ISOITU),,:,1,,1(ISO)ISO820121987,,Acoustics;AudibleemergencyevacuationsignalISO84212621987,6:,Fireprotection;Vocabulary;Part5:Evacua2tionandmeansofescapeBilingualedition.ISO7010AMD422009,..,Graphicalsymbols2Safetycolorsandsafetysigns2Safetysignsusedinworkplacesandpublicareas;ISO2360122009,.,Safetyidentification2Escapeandevacuationplansigns(ITU)ITU2RREPORTM.20141998,,SpectrumEfficientDigitalLandMobileSystemsforDispatchTraffic61ppITU2RM.20141998,,SpectrumEfficientDigitalLandMobileSystemsforDispatchTrafficASHRAEQC206202422006,,TunnelEmergencyEgressandtheMid2TrainFireANSI/UL30522007,,StandardforSafetyforPanicHardware)DINEN1379422003,..,Respiratoryprotectivedevices2Self2containedclosed2circuitbreathingapparatusforescape2Requirements,testing,marking;GermanversionEN13794:2002DINEN40322004,..,Respiratoryprotectivedevicesforself2rescue2Filteringdeviceswithhoodforescapefromfire2Requirements,testing,marking;Germanver2sionEN403:2004943©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,Safetymarking2Part3:Escape2andrescueplanNFC71283022003,BAESBAEH,Maintenanceofemergencyescapeself2containedluminairesBAESandBAEH.NFS76204222003,..,Respiratoryprotectivedevices2Lunggoverneddemandself2containedopen2circuitcompressedairbreathingapparatuswithfullfacemaskormouthpieceassemblyforescape2Requirements,tesNFS76204322004,..,Respiratoryprotec2tivedevicesforself2rescue2Filteringdeviceswithhoodforescapefromfire2Requirements,testing,marking.NFS76205322003,..,Respiratoryprotectivedevices2Self2containedclosed2circuitbreathingapparatusforescape2Requirements,testing,marking.NFC71282222004,,Emergencyescapelightingsystems.NFC7128202122007,,Automatictestsystemforbatterypowerede2mergencyescapelighting.NF,C48215021989,,AudiblealarmunitsforemergencyevacuationBS54992122002,..,Graph2icalsymbolsandsigns2Safetysigns,includingfiresafetysigns2Specificationforgeometricshapes,colorsandlayout;BS54992221986,.2:,Firesafetysigns,noticesandgraphicsymbols2Specificationforself2luminousfiresafetysigns;BS54992422000,.,Safetysigns,includingfiresafetysigns2Codeofpracticeforescaperoutesigning;BS54992522002,.,.,Graphicalsymbolsandsigns2Safetysigns,includingfiresafetysigns2Signswithspecificsafetymeanings3311,,,(1),,2090,056©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[4][1113],[14],(2),,,19972001,,JHRSFHEBSFPASG2DREVC[1517],,,2001SGEM[18](3),ZL0113629218;ZL0313710816;ZL2005100471981X[19],,,,,,312,1997,,,2,2GB2197611-2008.1:Escapeapparatusforbuildingfire.Part1:EquippingguideGA654-2006StandardforfiresafetymanagementofassemblyoccupanciesDB22/T364-2003DB15/438-20