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国内图书分类号：X703.5学校代码：10213国际图书分类号：628.3密级：公开工程硕士学位论文大庆油田含油污水中悬浮固体的强化处理工艺研究硕士研究生：吴刚导师：姚杰副教授副导师：陈忠喜研究员申请学位：工程硕士学科、专业：环境工程所在单位：大庆油田工程有限公司答辩日期：2008年12月授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex：X703.5U.D.C：628.3DissertationfortheMasterDegreeinEngineeringINTENSIFYINGPROCESSFORREMOVINGSUSPENDEDSOLIDSOFDAQINGOILFEILDOILYWASTEWATERCandidate：WuGangSupervisor：AssociateSupervisor：AssociateProf.YaoJieProf.ChenZhongxiAcademicDegreeAppliedfor：MasterofEngineeringSpeciality：EnvironmentalEngineeringAffiliation：DaqingOilfieldEngineeringCompanyLtd.DateofDefence：Dec.2008Degree-Conferring-Institution：HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文摘要大庆油田随着开采的不断深入，出现了污水水质明显变差，水中悬浮固体的含量不断增高，悬浮固体极易使油层孔隙堵塞，造成地层污染、注水压力升高等问题，注入水质的好坏直接影响到油田的开发寿命。本文立足于含油污水处理后稳定达标回注，对含油污水中悬浮固体特性进行了分析，分析出悬浮固体中的主要元素为O、C、Si、Fe、Ba、Al和Na，其中有机物为42.9%，包括聚合物8.4%；无机物主要是以二氧化硅为主的石英砂，还有硅铝酸盐，铁化合物，BaSO4以及其它金属化合物。明确了含油污水中悬浮固体超标的原因是悬浮固体颗粒变得越来越细小，细小组分所占比例越来越大，使得悬浮固体沉降时间变长。同时发现含油污水中含有的聚合物驱油剂、硫化物等成分对悬浮固体的有效去除都有不利影响。研制出针对油田不同区块含油污水的高效絮凝剂，确定了在现有水处理工艺中的加药点是在二次沉降罐前和滤前；针对聚合物驱工艺采用SHSFL-1絮凝剂，在二次沉降罐前投加5mg/L，滤前投加1mg/L，处理后悬浮固体含量可达到聚驱高渗透层注水水质指标要求；针对水驱工艺采用SHSFL-2絮凝剂，在二次沉降罐前投加5mg/L，滤前投加1mg/L，处理后悬浮固体含量可达到水驱高渗透层注水水质指标要求；与油田常用的絮凝剂PAC相比提高药剂效率30%。通过在原有水处理工艺中沉降段的沉降罐中增加气浮装置和增加排泥装置进行工艺强化，在原有水处理工艺中的过滤段，通过改变过滤罐中滤层结构，主要改变滤料层和滤料级配进行工艺强化，以及在原有水处理工艺中增加聚四氟乙烯膜过滤器进行工艺强化，含油污水经强化后的水处理工艺后，悬浮固体含量达到大庆油田注水水质标准Q/SYDQ0605-2000，工业化应用十分成功。本课题研究的悬浮固体强化处理工艺，最终出水水质完全达到了大庆油田注水水质指标，填补了含油污水处理方面的空白，解决了大庆油田含油污水回注处理方面的技术难题，解决了油田开发中的实际问题，为油田污水的回注提供了技术支持，因此，其经济效益及社会效益十分明显，有很好的市场应用前景。关键词：含油污水；悬浮固体；絮凝剂；处理工艺强化-I-哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文AbstractWiththeexploitationoftheDaqingOilfieldcontinuedtodeepen,therehavebeensewagewaterqualitydeterioratesignificantly,thewatercontentofsuspendedparticlesofsolidrising,suspendedsolidssoeasytomaketheoilplugthepores,causedpollution,increasedwaterpressureandsoon,intothewaterWillhaveadirectimpactonthedevelopmentoftheoilfieldlife.Basedonoilywastewatertreatmentstandardsandstabilitybacktothenote,Thestudyismainlytoanalyzethecharacteristicsofsuspendedsolidsinoilywastewater,itisfoundthatthemajorelementsofsuspendedsolidareO、C、Si、Fe、Ba、AlandNa，amongwhich,over42.9%beingorganicsubstancesincluding8.4%polymer；andrestinorganicmatterincludingquartzsandwithSiO2asthemaincomponents,silico-aluminate、ironcomplexc、BaSO4andothermetalliccompound.Thereasonofhighsuspendedsolidshasbeenanalyzed,andrealizedthatthefiningofsuspendedsolidsparticles,andtheincreasingofthefinecompositionratiomakesettlingtimeofsuspendedsolidsbecomesmorelonger,andexistingsettlingtankunabletoremovesuspendedsolidseffectively.Inaddition,itisfoundthatthepolymeroil-displacementagentandsulphidecontainedintheoilywastewaterhasnegativeeffectsonthesuspendedsolidsremoval.Twoefficientflocculantsforoilywatertreatmentfromdifferentareasweredeveloped,forpolymerfloodingSHSFL-1flocculant,dosing5mg/Lbeforethesecondarysettlingtank,anddosing1mg/Lbeforefiltration,andaftertreatment,theeffluentmeetingthewaterqualityrequirementsofwaterinjectioninhigh-permeabilityformationbypolymerflooding;forwaterfloodingSHSFL-2flocculant,dosing5mg/Lbeforethesecondarysettlingtank,anddosing1mg/Lbeforefiltrationandimplementingtwo-pointschemicalfeeder,andaftertreatment,theeffluentmeetingthewaterqualityrequirementsofwaterinjectioninhigh-permeabilityformationbywaterflooding.ComparedconventionalflocculantPACthisprocesscanenhanceefficiencyby30%.Thewastewatertreatmentprocessisintensifiedthroughtheinstallationofair-floatationdeviceandsludgedisposaldeviceinsidesettlingtank,changeofthefilterstructure,theadditionofTeflonmembranefilter,thesuspendedsolidscontentin-II-哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文theoilywastewatercanmeetthewaterqualitystandardsofDaqingOilfieldforwaterinjection(Q/SYDQ0605-2000).Theresearchofthisprocess,theultimatewaterqualitytoreachentirelytheDaqingoilfieldbacktothereservoirwaterqualitytargetstofillthewastewatertreatmentgaps,toaddressreservoirwastewaterbacktothecapitaltodealwithtechnicalproblemsToaddressdevelopmentofpracticalproblemsforthetheoilfieldexploitation,tonotetheprovisionoftechnicalsupport,soitseconomicandsocialbenefitsisveryclear,verygoodMarketapplications.Keywords:oilywastewater;suspendedsolids;flocculant;watertreatmentprocessintensifying-III-哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文目录摘要.........................................................................................................................IAbstract.....................................................................................................................II第1章绪论.............................................................................................................11.1悬浮固体及危害..............................................................................................11.1.1悬浮固体概述...........................................................................................11.1.2油田水中悬浮固体定义............................................................................11.1.3悬浮固体对油田储层的伤害....................................................................21.2悬浮物的富集方法...........................................................................................21.3絮凝剂概述..............