大庆油田含油污水物化与生化处理工艺研究

硕士学位论文（工程硕士）大庆油田含油污水物化与生化处理工艺研究STUDYONBIOCHEMICALANDPHYSICOCHEMICALTREATMENTPROCESSOFOIL-POLLUTEDWATEROFDAQINGOILFIELD李晓军哈尔滨工业大学2009年3月国内图书分类号：X826.3学校代码：10213国际图书分类号：628密级：公开工学硕士学位论文（工程硕士）大庆油田含油污水物化与生化处理工艺研究硕士研究生：李晓军导师：樊庆锌副教授申请学位：工程硕士学科、专业：环境科学与工程所在单位：大庆油田有限责任公司答辩日期：2009年3月24日授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex:X826.3U.D.C.:628DissertationfortheMasterDegreeinEngineeringSTUDYONBIOCHEMICALANDPHYSICOCHEMICALTREATMENTPROCESSOFOIL-POLLUTEDWATEROFDAQINGOILFIELDCandidate:LiXiaojunSupervisor:AssociateProf.FanQingxinAcademicDegreeAppliedfor:MasterofEngineeringSpeciality:EnvironmentScienceandTechnologyAffiliation:DaQingOilfieldLimitedCorporationDateofofDefence:Mar.24,2009Degree-Conferring-Institution:HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文I摘要大庆油田开发已进入高含水期开采，油田综合含水率超过80%。随着石油勘探开发活动的增多，所产生的污染物总量随之增加，对环境造成的污染也日趋严重。有效地控制和治理在油田开发和使用石油、天然气过程中造成的环境污染，已成为世界各国面临的重大课题。因此开发经济高效的污水处理及回用技术已成为油田污水处理站改造和新建的首要任务。大庆油田含油污水的可生化性很差，水驱含油污水BOD5/COD数值为0.05~0.20，含聚合物采出水BOD5/COD数值不超过0.05，因此大庆油田外排含油污水生化处理难度大于城市生活污水。根据大庆油田生产开发过程中所产生的含油污水实际状况，分别采用物化与生化处理方法，通过小试与现场试验，系统研究了油田外排含油污水的处理技术。采用微电解—Fenton工艺对油田采出水处理进行了研究，通过室内静态和动态试验，确定了现场试验工艺流程和参数。现场试验数据表明油田含油污水经微电解—Fenton工艺处理后，出水COD平均含量为79.7mg/L，总去除率为78.3%，出水石油类平均值为3.25mg/L，总去除率为89.7%，出水水质各项指标均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的二级标准。在水解酸化—生物接触氧化工艺处理大庆含油污水研究中，筛选得到了高效石油降解功能微生物，通过室内动态试验和现场试验工况调整，昀终确定了工艺运行参数。现场试验数据表明该工艺条件下微生物状态良好，油田含油污水经过水解酸化—接触氧化工艺处理后，出水COD平均含量为89.5mg/L，总去除率达到73.0%，石油类的出水平均值为1.04mg/L，出水水质各项指标均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中二级指标要求，且该处理法对水质水量的变动有较强的适应性。在物化和生化法对大庆油田石油污水处理工艺研究的基础上，本文对微电解—Fenton工艺和水解酸化—接触氧化工艺的经济可行性进行了讨论。其中，微电解—Fenton工艺运行成本高于后者，具有可间断运行，起停方便的特点，适用于小水量、临时性外排污水的处理；水解酸化—接触氧化工艺运行费用低，处理效果稳定，适宜于大水量、连续排放污水的处理。关键词含油污水；污水处理；微电解—Fenton工艺；水解酸化—接触氧化工艺哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文IIAbstractDaQingoilfieldhasenteredintohighmoisturecontainedoilexploitationstagewhichhascausedcrudeoilcompositewaterratiohigherthan80%.Withthegrowthofoilexploration,theconditionofenvironmentpollutionandcontaminationhasbeenbecomingmoreserious.Availablycontrolandmanagementoftheenvironmentpollutionhasbeenthechallengeeverycountrymustfaceon.Therefore,developmentofhighlyeffectiveeconomicaltreatmentandreusingtechnologieshasbecomeacriticaltaskofthemodificationandestablishmentofoilywastewaterprocessingstation.DaQingoil-pollutedwaterbiologicaltreatabilityispoor,waterdrivingoil-pollutedwaterBOD5/CODvalueis0.05~0.20,polymercontainedproducedwaterBOD5/CODvalueislessthan0.05,sothebiologicaltreatmentinDaQingoilfieldoil-pollutedwaterismoredifficultthancitydomesticsewage.BasedonthefactualconditionsofDaQingOilfieldoil-pollutedwater,biochemicalandphysicochemicalmethodsweredesignedrespectivelyforoilsewagetreatmentinthisresearch.Systematicallystudywasappliedtothetreatmenttechnologyofoilsewagethroughlab-scaleandfull-scaletests.Theapplicationofmicroelectroanalysis-Fentonmethodwasstudiedthroughindoorcaptivetestsanddynamicstatetests,andthetechnologyflowsandparametersweredecided.Thefieldtestsdatashowedthequalityofoil-pollutedwaterwhichwastreatedbymicroelectroanalysis-Fentonmethodcouldmeetthegradetwoofnationalsewagedischargestandard(GB8978-1996).TheoutputwaterCODequilibriumcontentwas79.7mg/L,totalremovalratewas78.3%,andthepetroleumequilibriumcontentwas3.25mg/L,totalremovalratewas89.7%.Bacteriawithhighefficiencyofoilsewageremovalwereseparatedfrompollutionsources,andfunctionalbacteriacommunitywasestablished.Thefinaltechnologyparameterswereconfirmedbyindoordynamicstatetestsandfieldtests,thetestsdatashowedthemicroorganismwasingoodconditioninthisreactionterm,andCODequilibriumcontentoftheoutputwaterwhichwas哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文IIItreatedbythehydrolysisacidification-contactoxidationmethodwas89.5mg/L,totalremovalratewas73.0%,andthepetroleumequilibriumcontentwas1.04mg/L.Theoutputwaterqualitycouldmeetthegradetwoofnationalsewagedischargestandard(GB8978-1996).Besidesthathydrolysisacidification-contactoxidationmethodhashighadaptabilitytothechangeofwaterqualityandflow.Economiclfeasibilityandadaptabilityanalysisofmicroelectroanalysis-Fentonmethodandhydrolysisacidification-contactoxidationmethodswerediscussed.Therunningcostofmicroelectroanalysis-Fentontechnologyishigherthanthelatterandthistechnologycanbeoperateddiscontinuityinlesswatermassandprovisionalitysewagetreatment.Thehydrolysisacidification-contactoxidationmathodmustbeoperatedcontinuously,andthetreatmenteffectisstable,whichisfittedtolargemasssewagetreatmentwithlowrunningcost.Keywordsoilfieldwastewater,wastewatertreatment,microelectroanalysis-Fentonprocess,hydrolysisacidification-contactoxidationprocess哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文I目录摘要.....................................................................................................................IAbstract................................................................................................................II第1章绪论.........................................................................................................11.1油田水驱采出水的来源及危害..................................................................11.2油田水驱采出水的特点.............................................................................21