水文技术标准术语

水文技术标准术语序号中文名称英文名称中文释义1河流及流域特征Characteristicsofriverandbasin1.1河流及水系Riverandriversystem1.1.1河流river1.1.2干流（主河）trunkriver(mainstream)1.1.3支流tributarystream(branchriver)1.1.4河源riverhead(riversource,headwater)1.1.5河口rivermouth(estuary)1.1.6河长riverlength1.1.7深泓线thalweg1.1.8中泓线streamcentralline1.1.9落差drp[1.1.10河道比降（纵坡降、坡降）riverslope1.1.11河槽（河床）streamchannel1.1.12水系（河系、河网）hydrographicnet(riversystem)1.1.13河网密度drainagedensity1.2流域特征Characteristicsofbasin1.2.1流域watershed(basin,drainagearea)1.2.2流域分水线basindivide1.2.3流域面积（集水面积）watershedarea(drainagearea,catchmentarea)1.2.4流域长度（流域轴长）lengthofbasin1.2.5流域植被率（植被度）percentageofvegetationsindrainagearea1.2.6流域湖泊率percentageoflakesindrainagearea1.2.7流域沼泽率percentageofswampsindrainagearea2水文分析计算hydrologicalanalysisandcomputation2.1水文计算hydrologiccomputation2.1.1水文计算hydrologicalcomputation2.1.2水文统计hydrologicalstatistics2.1.3累计频率accumulativefrequency2.1.4重现期returnperiod2.1.5水文频率曲线hydrologicalfrequencycurve2.1.6设计频率designfrequency2.1.7相关分析corelationanalysis2.2暴雨rainstorm2.2.1大暴雨largerainstorm2.2.2特大暴雨extraordinaryrainstorm2.2.3降雨面积（雨区）precipitationarea(rainarea)2.2.4暴雨中心rainstormcenter2.2.5暴雨强度rainstormintensity2.2.6暴雨历时rainstormduration2.2.7点雨量pointprecipitation(pointrainfall)2.2.8面雨量areaprecipitation(arearainfall)2.2.9定点定面关系precipitationrelationshipbetweenfixedpointandfixedarea)2.2.10动点动面关系（暴雨中心点面关系）precipitationrelationshipbetweencenterpointandvariablearea)2.2.11暴雨时、面、深关系depth-area-durationrelationshipofstorm(DAD)2.2.12暴雨强度历时曲线durationcurveofstormintensity2.2.13设计暴雨designrainstorm2.2.14设计雨型designrainfallpattern2.2.15暴雨等雨量线图isohyetmapofrainstorm2.2.16可降水量probableprecipitation2.2.17可能最大降雨probablemaximumprecipitation(PMP)2.2.18暴雨模式rainstormmodel2.2.19典型暴雨typicalrainstorm2.2.20移置暴雨transpositionstorm2.2.21组合暴雨syntheticstorm2.2.22露点dewpoint2.2.23地面露点dewpointatearthsurface2.2.24代表性露点representativedewpoint2.2.25可能最大露点probablemaximumdewpoint2.3产流（汇流）runoffyield(concentrationofflow)2.3.1产流runoffyield(runoffformation)2.3.2蓄满产流runoffyieldundersaturatedstorage2.3.3超渗产流runoffyieldunderexcessinfiltration2.3.4下渗容量线（下渗曲线）infiltrationcapacitycurve2.3.5初损initiallosses2.3.6最大初损maximuminitiallosses2.3.7后损laterlosses2.3.8降雨径流关系图rainfall-runoffrelationship2.3.9设计净雨量designnetrainfall2.3.10基流baseflow2.3.11汇流concentrationofflow2.3.12河槽集流（河网集流）concentrationofchannelflow2.3.13单位线（时段单位线）unithydrograph2.3.14瞬时单位线instantaneousunithydrograph2.3.15综合单位线syntheticunithydrograph2.3.16概化洪水过程线simplifiedflooddydrograph2.4径流runoff2.4.1径流runoff2.4.2地表径流surfacerunoff2.4.3地下径流groundwaterrunoff2.4.4径流深runoffdepth2.4.5径流模数runoffmodulus2.4.6径流系数runoffcoefficient2.4.7多年平均年径流量meanannualrunoff2.4.8设计年径流量designanuualrunoff2.4.9设计年径流量年内分配distributionofannualrunoffwithinayear2.5洪水flood2.5.1设计洪水designflood2.5.2设计洪水标准standardofdesignflood2.5.3可能最大洪水probablemaximumflood(PMF)2.5.4分期设计洪水stagedesignflood2.5.5施工设计洪水designfloodofconstructionperiod2.5.6坝址洪水floodatdamsite2.5.7入库洪水floodintoreservoir2.5.8溃坝洪水dambreakflood2.5.9小流域设计洪水（小面积设计洪水）designfloodofsmallcatchment2.6泥沙sediment2.6.1固体径流sedimentrunoff2.6.2含沙量sedimentcharge(sedimentconcentration)2.6.3输沙量sedimentrunoff2.6.4输沙率sedimentdischarge2.6.5平均输沙量meansedimentrunoff2.6.6平均输沙率meansedimentdischarge3水文预报hydrologicalforecast3.1水文预报hydrolgocialforecast3.1.1预见期leadingtime3.1.2短期水文预报shorttermhydrologicalforecasting3.1.3中、长期水文预报midandlongtermhydrologicalforecast3.1.4降雨径流的预报rainfallrunoffforecast3.1.5洪水预报（洪水径流预报）floodforecast3.1.6枯水预报（枯水径流预报）lowflowforecast3.1.7泥沙预报sedimentforecast3.1.8水质预报waterqualityforecast3.1.9冰情预报iceregimeforecast3.1.10封冻预报freezingforecast3.1.11解冻预报icebreakforecast3.1.12水文模型hydrologicalmodel3.1.13确定性水文模型determinatehydrologicalmodel3.1.14随机性水文模型（非确定性水文模型）stochastichydrologicalmodel3.1.15人类活动水文效应hydrologicalresponseduetohumanactivities