机械原理课程设计--液体自动包装机

机械原理课程设计12009年机械原理课程设计液体自动包装机设计者：学号：070800106姓名：巴怡文学号：070800215姓名：路玉学号：070800125姓名：张超指导老师：束永平2009年6月25日-7月4日机械原理课程设计2目录第1章总体方案设计·······························································31.1液体自动包装机的功能································································31.2设计数据与要求···········································································31.3方案的简介与选择比较································································4第2章执行机构设计········································································72.1包装纸输送机构···········································································72.2纸袋成型机构··············································································72.2.1纸袋成型机构选择································································72.2.2纸袋成型机构设计································································82.3热定型式封口机构·······································································102.4.1纵封器··················································································102.4.2横封器··················································································102.4切断机构·····················································································112.5输送机构·····················································································122.5.1输送机构的选择··································································122.5.2输送机构的设计··································································122.6执行机构的运动循环图································································13第3章传动机构设计········································································143.1传动方案·····················································································143.2原动机的选择··············································································163.3计算传动比··················································································163.4凸轮机构的设计···········································································17第4章液体自动包装机的三维造型与运动仿真····························204.1液体自动包装机的三维造型及运行过程简介····························204.2液体自动包装机的运动仿真·················································23总结·········································································································26参考文献·································································································26机械原理课程设计3第1章总体方案设计1.1液体自动包装机的功能该全自动液体包装机，适用于袋装酱油、醋、牛奶、饮料等液体的自动包装。简要的工作过程如下：首先将包装纸卷成筒状并将一端的口封住形成口袋，然后将一定量的液体注入口袋内，最后封口和切断，并由输送机构输出。1.2设计数据与要求一、生产数据:A.包装纸宽度240或320mmB.包装速度1500-2000袋/时C.灌装容量100-500ml/袋D.外形尺寸750*750*1750mm二、选择设计尺寸1.包装纸宽度2402.包装速度1800袋/时3.灌装容量300ml/袋4.外形尺寸750*750*1750mm三、设计要求1.自动液体包装机主要由以下6大部件组成：1）包装纸输送机构：把圈在筒上的单层包装纸通过设计的绷紧机构以平张薄膜的形式输送到纸袋成型机构。2）纸袋成型机构：把接收到的平张薄膜通过三角板和圆弧槽卷成圆筒状，利于竖封和灌料。3）热定型式封口机构：利用特殊处理过滚轮的回转，对圆筒状包装纸进行枕式竖封，并在竖封同时利用摩擦牵引包装纸，使之向下运动，保证包装纸的持续成型；横封机构是回转机构，对以竖封的筒状包装纸周期性的封口。所以，结合成型机构，就实现了：卷状→平张→筒状→竖封→横封。4）送料机构（课程设计任务不予要求）5）切断机构：在热定型式封口机构持续运转的同时，切断机构通过凸轮回转推动推杆，使切刀周期性的接触，从而从中切断横封的封区。6）输送机构：利用带式输送机持续传递已包装好的产品。机械原理课程设计42.选择电机1.3方案的简介与选择比较方案一：组成机构名称包装纸输送机构纸袋成型机构热定型式封口机构切断机构输送机构机构形式由1个固定在机架上的传动杆套牢卷筒薄膜，令三根传动杆作绷紧装置象鼻成型器1对纵封辊，1对横封辊凸轮机构，切刀带式输送机功能实现过程把圈在筒上的单层包装纸通过设计的绷紧机构以平张薄膜的形式输送到象鼻成型器，象鼻成型器把接收到的平张薄膜通过三角板和圆弧槽卷成圆筒状，利于竖封和灌料；纵封辊回转，对圆筒状包装纸进行枕式竖封，并在竖封同时利用摩擦牵引包装纸，使之向下运动，保证包装纸的持续成型；回转的横封辊，对已竖封的筒状包装纸周期性的封口，在热定型式封口机构持续运转的同时，凸轮回转推动推杆上连接的切刀，使两块切刀周期性的接触，从而从中切断横封的封区，产品制成并利用带式输送机持续传递出特点整体机构多利用齿轮、链轮，传力特性良好，运动精确性高，工作效率高，靠操作性强，安全可靠性高，加工容易，互换性良好而制造成本低廉机构简图如下：凸轮推杆传送带纵封器横封器马达机械原理课程设计5方案二：L型封口器和横封器及切刀同时运动。具体构成见简图。组成机构名称包装纸输送机构纸袋成型机构热定型式封口机构切断机构输送机构机构形式由1个固定在机架上的传动杆套牢卷筒薄膜象鼻成型器L型封口器，横封器切刀带式输送机功能实现过程在此方案中采用间歇式运动，包装袋成型的方式是纸从上方向下运送，运动是由下方的辊轮牵引的。纸通过象鼻式成型器将其卷成圆筒状后继续向下运动。封口成L型，将纸筒的纵向开口和底面开口封合，封好后开始进行灌装。灌装好后的纸袋继续向下运动，下面横封器使上开口封合，并由下面的切刀切断。特点整体机构多利用齿轮、链轮，传力特性良好，靠操作性强，安全可靠性高，加工容易，封口和切断在一个运动中同时完成，操作简单，但对机构求较高。此方案的运动简图如下：机械运动方案评价比较机械运动方案评价的方法有3种，分别是经验法、数学法和试验法，课程设计采凸轮传输带横封器L型封口器马达机械原理课程设计6用经验评价法，根据自己的经验对方案作粗略的定性评价。方案一方案二传动机构执行机构传动机构执行机构系统功能实现工艺动作的准确性良好良好一般良好特定功能良好良好良好良好运动性能转速、行程可调性良好一般一般一般运动精度优优良好良好动力性能承载能力良好良好良好良好增力特性良好良好良好良好传力特性良好良好良好良好震动噪声小小一般一般工作性能效率高低较高较高较高很好寿命长短较长较长较长较长可操作性便捷便捷便捷便捷安全性好好好好可靠性好好好好适用范围广泛广泛有限制广泛经济性加工难易易易易易能耗大小小小小小制造成本低低低低方案二的传动比计算：选用可调速电机，要求的转速是30转每分钟。牵引纸袋轮的半径r为3倍的袋长与pi的比值。牵引轮每转1/4圆周封口一次，所以凸轮与牵引轮出动比为1：4。机械原理课程设计7第2章执行机构设计2.1包装纸输送机构设计的液体自动包装机没有动力机构，原因有以下几点：1.包装纸是软的，如果输送不好会使包装纸堆积或者拉断2.输送包装纸不需要很大的动力。3.液体包装机构中的纵封可以在封装包装袋的同时将包装纸向下拉，这样就可以使输送机构中的包装纸按需求送纸，不会出现堆积或者是拉断的可能。输送机构如图所示：此机构共有三个传动杆，包装纸在传动杆1上，通过在传动杆2，传动杆3以及传动杆4上的绕节可使包装纸绷紧，这样可使包装纸稳定的输送下来，这样不会产生输送过量现象。具体的绕节方式如右图。2.2纸袋成型机构2.2.1纸袋成型机构的选择为什么选择象鼻成型器，而不是其他常见的三角板成型器、U形板成型器、翻领成型器？下面是4种常见的成型器的比较机械原理课程设计8成型器类型成型特点应用范围适应性折叠成型时受力状况是否满足课程要求备注三角板成型器可将平张薄膜折叠成型多种机型上应用，尤其当制袋规格较大变化时良好差是U形板成型器可将平张薄膜折叠成型应用比较广较好比三角板成型器好是象鼻成型器可将平张薄膜折叠成型只能适应一种带宽较好弯折平缓，成型阻力小是设计制造比翻领式简单翻领成型器可将平张薄膜折叠成型只能适应一种带宽较差成型阻力较大，容易造成拉伸等塑性变形是设计、制造和调试比其他成型器复杂结合成型器的特点（包括优缺）和课程设计要求，此方案选择象鼻成型器作为全自动液体包装机的纸袋成型机构。2.2.2纸袋成型机构的设计1.三角板的设计象鼻成型器可以看作在U形板成型器的基础上，对结构作一些修改而形成的，成型器如下图。三角板的安装角A=5~10°,并以此算其顶角2B，按所制空带的带宽2a确定三角板的顶高d，找准连接位置m,圆弧槽圆弧半径为R=（0.1~0.3）a。机械原理课程设计9图中个数值之间的关系如下表：已知数值2a240mmA10°未知关系式数值R设R=0.2a24mmBsi