年产30万吨合成氨工艺设计

《化工原理》课程设计题目名称：年产30万吨合成氨转变工序设计系别：化工与制药学院专业：制药工程班级：03制药工程（1）学生：蒋晟学号：2003063107指导教师（职称）：（教授）《化工原理》课程设计I摘要氨是重要的基础化工产品之一，在国民经济中占有重要地位。合成氨生产经过多年的发展，现已发展成为一种成熟的化工生产工艺。本设计是以天然气为原料年产三十万吨合成氨转变工序的设计。近年来合成氨工业发展很快，大型化、低能耗、清洁生产均是合成氨设备发展的主流，技术改进主要方向是开发性能更好的催化剂、降低氨合成压力、开发新的原料气净化方法、降低燃料消耗、回收和合理利用低位热能等方面上。设计采用的工艺流程简介：天然气经过脱硫压缩进入一段转化炉，把CH4和烃类转化成H2，再经过二段炉进一步转化后换热进入高变炉，在催化剂作用下大部分CO和水蒸气反应获H2和CO2，再经过低变炉使CO降到合格水平，去甲烷化工序。本设计综述部分主要阐述了国内外合成氨工业的现状及发展趋势以及工艺流程、参数的确定和选择，论述了建厂的选址；介绍了氨变换工序的各种流程并确定本设计高-低变串联的流程。工艺计算部分主要包括转化段和变换段的物料衡算、热量衡算、平衡温距及空速计算。设备计算部分主要是高变炉催化剂用量的具体计算，并根据设计任务做了转化和变换工序带控制点的工艺流程图。本设计的优点在于选择较为良好的厂址和原料路线，确定良好的工艺条件、合理的催化剂和能源综合利用。另外，就是尽量减少设备投资费用。关键字：合成氨；天然气；转化；变换；《化工原理》课程设计IIAbstractAmmoniaisthemostimportantoneofbasicchemicalproducts,playsanimportantroleinthenationaleconomy.Ammoniaproductionafteryearsofdevelopment,nowhasdevelopedintoamaturechemicalproductionprocesses.Thedesignisbasedonannualoutputof300,000tonsofnaturalgasasrawmaterial,thedesignofsyntheticammoniatransformationprocess.Inrecentyears,thelarge-scaleindustrialdevelopmentsoonammonia,lowenergyconsumption,thecleanproductionofsyntheticammoniaequipmentdevelopmentarethemaindirectionoftechnicalimprovement,istodevelopbetterperformanceofcatalyst,reducingammoniasynthesispressure,thedevelopmentofnewmaterialsgaspurificationmethods,reducefuelconsumption,lowheatrecoveryandreasonableutilization,etc.Thedesignprocessusedinbriefare:compressednaturalgasafterdesulfurizationandconversionintoafurnace,themethaneandhydrocarbonsintohydrogen,throughtheSecondaryreformerfurthertransformedintothehighlyvariablefurnaceheatexchanger,thegreatcatalystpartofthereactionofcarbonmonoxideandhydrogenandcarbondioxidevapor,thenthroughthelow-temperatureshifttoreducetoanacceptablelevelofcarbonmonoxidetomethanationprocess.Thedesignreviewdescribedsomeofthemajordomesticandinternationalsituationandthedevelopmentofsyntheticammoniaindustrytrendsandtechnologicalprocess,parameteridentificationandselection,discussestheplant'slocation;introducedthetransformationprocessofthevariousprocessesanddeterminethedesignofhightemperatureshiftandlowtemperatureTransformationseriesoftheprocess.Calculationofsomeofthemajortransformationprocess,includingsegmentandtransformsectionmaterialbalance,heatbalance,equilibriumtemperatureandairspeedcalculation.Calculationofsomeofthemajorequipmentisahightemperatureshiftcatalystofspecificterms,andaccordingtothedesigntasktodotheconversionandtransformationprocessflowchartwithcontrolpoints.Advantageofthisdesignistochooseabettersiteandrawmaterialslinetodeterminethegoodconditions,reasonablecatalystandenergyutilization.Inaddition,investmentinequipmentdesignedtominimizecosts.《化工原理》课程设计IIIKeywords:ammonia;naturalgas;transformation;transformation；《化工原理》课程设计IV目录摘要..................................................................................................................................................IAbstract..........................................................................................................................................II目录...............................................................................................................................................IV1综述........................................................................................................................................-1-1.1氨的性质、用途及重要性..........................................................................................-1-1.1.1氨的性质..........................................................................................................-1-1.1.2氨的用途及在国民生产中的作用..................................................................-1-1.2合成氨生产技术的发展..............................................................................................-2-1.2.1世界合成氨技术的发展...................................................................................-2-1.2.2中国合成氨工业的发展概况...........................................................................-5-1.3合成氨转变工序的工艺原理......................................................................................-6-1.3.1合成氨的典型工艺流程介绍..........................................................................-6-1.3.2合成氨转化工序的工艺原理..........................................................................-8-1.3.3合成氨变换工序的工艺原理...........................................................................-8-1.4设计方案的确定.........................................................................................................-9-1.4.1原料的选择......................................................................................................-9-1.4.2工艺流程的选择............................................................................................-10-1.4.3工艺参数的确定............................................................................................-10-1.4.4工厂的选址....................................................................................................-11-2设计工艺计算......................................................................................................................-13-2.1转化段