抗盐聚合物含油污水沉降特性及工艺适应性研究

硕士学位论文(工程硕士)抗盐聚合物含油污水沉降特性及工艺适应性研究RESEARCHONTREATMENTTECHNOLOGYANDITSAPPLICATIONOFTHESEDIMENTATIONOFANTI-SALTPOLYMEROILYWASTEWATER王婷哈尔滨工业大学2011年3月国内图书分类号：X741学校代码：10213国际图书分类号：628.3密级：公开硕士学位论文(工程硕士)抗盐聚合物含油污水沉降特性及工艺适应性研究硕士研究生：王婷导师：赵庆良教授副导师：陈忠喜研究员申请学位：工程硕士学科：环境工程所在单位：大庆油田工程有限公司答辩日期：2011年3月授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex：X741U.D.C.:628.3DissertationfortheMasterDegreeinEngineeringRESEARCHONTREATMENTTECHNOLOGYANDITSAPPLICATIONOFTHESEDIMENTATIONOFANTI-SALTPOLYMEROILYWASTEWATERRESEARCHONCOMPLFIELDCandidate：WangTingSupervisor：Prof.ZhaoQingliangAssociateSupervisor：Prof.ChenZhongxiAcademicDegreeAppliedfor：MasterofEngineeringSpeciality：EnvironmentalEngineeringAffiliation：DaqingOilfieldEngineeringCo.,Ltd.DateofDefence：March,2011Degree-Conferring-Institution：HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-I-摘要大庆油田目前逐步改用污水处理站处理后污水来配制注入聚合物母液，由于污水中含盐量较高，在配制聚合物时容易降低聚合物的粘度。为了解决上述问题，而开发出抗盐聚合物，使用抗盐聚合物后导致采出液的沉降分离等特性发生了变化，现有的含聚污水处理工艺是否具备能够处理这种特性的采出水的能力，使其处理后能够满足油田注水水质指标。本课题针对上述问题开展了室内模拟配制抗盐聚合物含油污水的沉降实验研究、实际采出抗盐聚合物含油污水的沉降实验研究及实际抗盐聚合物驱采出含油污水处理站系统工艺适应性的调查研究。本研究通过污水自然沉降法确定出抗盐聚合物含油污水不同浓度、不同含油量的最佳沉降分离时间，同时分析室内模拟配制抗盐聚合物含油污水及实际采出抗盐聚合物含油污水的聚合物浓度、污水粘度、界面张力、Zeat电位等主要影响指标，从宏观及微观上，分析抗盐聚合物采出水沉降特性发生变化的原因及现有聚驱污水站接纳抗盐聚合物采出液的适应性。研究发现用水驱采出污水配制的含抗盐聚合物含油污的沉降分离效果，要比用自来水配制的含抗盐聚合物的含油污水的好(同等条件下，污水配置的含抗盐聚合物含油污水油的去除率为比清水配置的高3.82%，悬浮物去除率相对高1.98%)。实际采出抗盐聚合物含油污水的沉降特性，要比聚合物驱采出的含油污水沉降特性差（同是含油约1000mg/L，含抗盐聚合物含油污水将含油量降至100mg/L，悬浮固体含量降至50mg/L需沉降12h，非含抗盐聚合物含油污水将含油量降至100mg/L，需沉降4h）。对于含抗盐聚合物污水站应采用两级沉降+两级过滤流程，可提高处理后的水质。对于聚驱采出污水掺入到含抗盐聚合物处理工艺中，使抗盐聚合物污水占到20%以下，能够降低污水粘度和聚合物浓度提高含抗盐聚合物污水的处理效果。对于已建的采用工艺为两级沉降+一级过滤的处理工艺处理抗盐聚合物含油污水，如果不加絮凝剂，建议在现有过滤的基础上增加一级双层滤料过滤器，可提高处理后的水质，否则建议开展针对抗盐聚合物驱采出污水水质特性的净水剂、处理设备以及处理工艺的技术研究，确定适宜、高效的处理设备和工艺，满足油田开发后期的需要，使处理后的污水达到油田聚驱采出污水高渗透率油层回注水水质控制指标。关键词：抗盐聚合物；含油污水；沉降分离特性哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-II-AbstractInordertoensuretheviscosityoftheinjectedpolymer,Daqingoilfieldpreparespolymermostlywithrunningwater,whichincreasesthecostandmakestheinjectionandexplorationunbanlancedcausingpartialeffluxofsewageandpollutingtheenvironment.Becauseofhighsaltcontentinsewage,itiseasytoreducetheviscosityofthepolymerinthepreparationofpolymers.Tosolvetheaboveproblems,theyusetreatedsewagebyexistingsewagetreatmentplanttopreparemotherliquorwhichwillbeinjectedintopolymertoreachthegoalofwatersavingandincreasingtheefficiencyofwaterapplication.Aftersaltpolymerisapplied,thesedimentationseparationcharacteristicsoftheproducedfluidchange.Asforwhethertheexistingwastewatertreatmentprocessiscapableoftreatingtheproducedwatewiththisfeaturetomakeitmeetthestandardoftheinjectedwaterofoilfieldornot,thetopiccarriesoutsedimentationexperimentsofindoorsimulationpreparationofsaltpolymeroilywastewater,sedimentationexperimentsofactually-producedanti-saltpolymeroilywastewaterandtheresearchofsystemprocess-adaptabilityofoilysewagetreatmentstation.Thisstudydeterminesdifferentconcentrationsofanti-saltpolymeroilywastewaterwiththeapproachofnaturalsedimentationandthebestsedimentationandseparationtimeofdifferentoilcontent.Meanwhile,itanalyzesthemainaffectingindexesasPolymerconcentration,sewageviscosity,interfacialtensionandZeatpotentialofanti-saltpolymeroilywastewaterproducedbyindoorbyindoorsimulation.andactually-preparedanti-saltpolymeroilywastewateFromamacroandmicrolevel,italsoanalyzesthecauseofthechangesofsedimentioncharacteristicsofproducedwatercontainingsaltpolymer.Studyfindsthatthesedimentionseparationeffectofwastewatercontainingsaltpolymerwithwastewaterproducedbywaterfloodingisbetterthanthatofwastewatercontainingsaltpolymerproducedwithrunningwater.(bothcontains1000mg/Lofoil,200mg/Lofpolymer,12hofsedimentation,theremovalrateofoilywastewaterproducedwithsewageis90%，andthatofoilywastewaterproducedwithclearwateris86.2%).Thesedimentationcharacteristicsofactually-producedanti-saltpolymeris哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-III-poorerthanthatofoilywastewaterproducedwithpolymerflooding(bothcontainsabout1000mg/Lofoil,theoilcontentwillbereducedto100mg/Lbyanti-saltpolymeroilywastewater,requiringasedimentationof12h,andtheoilcontentwillbereducedto100mg/Lbynon-saltpolymeroilywastewater,requiringasedimentationof4h).Theappliedtechnologyisnaturalsedimentation→coagulationsedimentation→theexistingsandfiltertreatmentprocessforanti-saltpolymeroilywastewaterIfflocculantisnotadded,itisrecommendedthatonthebasisoftheexistingfilteradouble-filterisadded,whichimprovesthequalityoftreatedwater.Otherwise,itissuggestedthatresearchtowardswaterpurificantofsewagefromanti-saltpolymerfloodingThetreatmentprocessofsewagefrompolymerflooding′sbeingmixedintoanti-saltpolymercanreducewaterviscosityandpolymerconcentrationandimprovetreatmenteffectofsewage.Itissuggestedthattechnologicalresearchiscarriedouttowardssedimentationcharacteristicsandwaterqualityofsewagefromanti-saltpolymerflooding,treatmentequipmentsandtreatmentprocess.Inordertodetermineappropriateandefficienttreatmentqiupmentsandtechnology,meettherequirementsforthelaterexplorationofoilfieldandmaketreatedwaterreachthecontrollingindexofwaterqualityofbackfilledwaterinhighpermeabilityreservoirofproducedwaterofpolymerfioodingofoil